Polyethylene glycol 400 peg 400

R-carvedilol was synthesized by Chem-Impex International, Inc. (Wood Dale, IL, USA). The purity was determined by the manufacturer using Chiral HPLC as 98.97%. After the compound was received, the accuracy and purity were confirmed by chiral HPLC using Phenomenex Lux^® 5 µm Cellulose-4 LC Column 250 × 4.6 mm (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). Tween-80, sodium cholate, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). L-α-phosphatidylcholine (Soy PC or SPC), L-α-phosphatidylcholine hydrogenated (Hydro Egg PC, HEPC), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Carbopol^® 934 was purchased from SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Triethanolamine (TEA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Paclitaxel (Taxol) was obtained from Tecoland (Edison, NJ). Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) was purchased from VWR International (West Chester, PA). Acetone was purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ). Cremophor EL, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), and WIN55,212-2 ((R)-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate salt) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). AM1710 (3-(1’,1’-dimethylheptyl)-1-hydroxy-9-methoxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-6-one), AM251 (N-(Piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide), and AM630 (6-Iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (Iodopravadoline) were synthesized in the Center for Drug Discovery by one of the authors (by GT, VKV, and AZ respectively). Rat subjects received paclitaxel dissolved as previously described [42 (link)], administered in a volume of 1 ml/kg. Briefly, paclitaxel was dissolved in a 1:2 ratio of working stock (1:1 ratio of Cremophor EL and 95% ethanol) to saline. AM1710, WIN55,212-2, AM251, and AM630 were dissolved in a vehicle of DMSO:PEG 400 in a 1:1 ratio. The selected vehicle was the most compatible for dissolving cannabinoids to be used in Alzet osmotic mini pumps with no reported adverse side effects [43 (link)-45 (link)].