Drugs were applied to the perfusion bath or through puff apparatus, as previously described [15 (link)]. Verapamil (20 µM), nickel (100 µM or 200 µM), TEA (2 mM), muscimol (10 µM), bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 10 µM), glutamate (100 µM), NMDA (300 µM), AP5 (50 µM), CNQX (10 µM) were purchased from Sigma, Italy. Paxilline (10 µM) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience UK, and TTX (500 nM) from Alomone Labs, Israel.
Nickel
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Italy
Nickel is a silvery-white, hard, and ductile metal that is used in various laboratory equipment. It has a high melting point and is resistant to corrosion, making it suitable for use in various applications where durability and resistance to harsh environments are required.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bicuculline methiodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutamate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Muscimol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Paxilline, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Verapamil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Decane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Barium titanate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform d, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Styrene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Boric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cadmium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using nickel
1
Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels
2
Preparation of Polymer Composites
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Two varieties of PS pellets
with average MW = 35,000 g/mol (PS50) and 192,000 g/mol (PS90), methanol
(≥99.9%), decane (≥99%), chloroform-d (99.8 atom %), styrene (≥99%), chromium (<45 μm
powder, ≥99%), iron (<10 μm powder, ≥99.9%),
nickel (<50 μm powder, 99.7%), boric acid (≥99.5%),
iron(III) oxide (<5 μm powder, ≥96%), and barium titanate
(<3 μm powder, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultra
zero grade air and ultrahigh purity grade N2 and O2 gases were purchased from Airgas. All chemicals were used
as received without further purification.
with average MW = 35,000 g/mol (PS50) and 192,000 g/mol (PS90), methanol
(≥99.9%), decane (≥99%), chloroform-d (99.8 atom %), styrene (≥99%), chromium (<45 μm
powder, ≥99%), iron (<10 μm powder, ≥99.9%),
nickel (<50 μm powder, 99.7%), boric acid (≥99.5%),
iron(III) oxide (<5 μm powder, ≥96%), and barium titanate
(<3 μm powder, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultra
zero grade air and ultrahigh purity grade N2 and O2 gases were purchased from Airgas. All chemicals were used
as received without further purification.
3
Isolation and Characterization of Ion Currents
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The I A current was elicited by a protocol consisting in a 500 ms prestep at -100 mV (to fully de-inactivate I A ) followed by a 500 ms voltage step to -40 mV (to activate I A without eliciting delayed rectifier potassium currents). The current generated by the same protocol using a prestep at -40mV (to fully inactivate I A ) was subtracted to isolate I A . I A properties (peak amplitude and total charge) were measured after subtracting the baseline at -40mV. The peak of the current elicited at -40mV was then plotted against the voltage of each corresponding prestep, and was fitted with a Boltzmann function to obtain I A half-inactivation voltage (V 50 I A ) (see (Amendola et al., 2012) ). The inactivation time constant (I A tau) was extracted from a mono-exponential fit of the decay of the current. A two-step voltage-clamp protocol was used to determine the voltage-dependence of activation of I H (V 50 I H ) and obtain the maximum I H amplitude (see (Amendola et al., 2012) for details). For voltage-clamp recordings of delayed rectifier current (I KDR ), tetrodotoxin (1 µM, Alomone), nickel (200 µM, Sigma-Aldrich) and cadmium (400 µM, Sigma-Aldrich) were also added to the aCSF. I KDR was elicited by using a protocol consisting of a prestep at -30mV (to fully inactivate I A ) followed by incremental depolarizing voltage steps up to +40mV.
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