Sodium alginate

Manufactured by Sangon

Sourced in China

Sodium alginate is a water-soluble, gelling polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. It is a common ingredient used in various laboratory applications due to its ability to form viscous solutions and gel-like structures. Sodium alginate's core function is to provide thickening, stabilizing, and gelling properties to aqueous systems.

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8 protocols using sodium alginate

Alginate Encapsulation of Definitive Endoderm Cells

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The definitive endoderm cells were encapsulated in 2% (w/v) alginate (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). The encapsulation was performed using a system based on the syringe extrusion method [24 ]. Briefly, on Day 3 of cell differentiation, the adherent cells were digested with dispase, and a confluent aggregate of adherent cells was transferred to Knockout DMEM medium with the above added supplement (Knockout SR, GlutaMAX, NEAA,2-Mercaptoethanol, DMSO and P/S), then mixed with an equal amount of 4% (w/v) sodium alginate to form a 2% sodium alginate cell suspension of 3 × 10⁶ cells/mL. The mixture of cell aggregates in 2% purified sodium alginate was rapidly extruded through a 27 G needle injection syringe and the droplets were allowed to fall into a gelation bath (100 mM CaCl₂ (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) + 20 mM D-fructose (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) + 1 × HEPES (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA), pH 7.4). The droplets produced were allowed to settle for 10 min in the gelation bath to ensure gel formation, after which the microbeads were washed twice with 0.9% saline, and then resuspended in differentiation medium as described above to continue differentiation for 15 days according to the above differentiation method.

Xie X., Zhou X., Liu T., Zhong Z., Zhou Q., Iqbal W., Xie Q., Wei C., Zhang X., Chang T.M, & Sun P. (2022). Direct Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to 3D Functional Hepatocyte-like Cells in Alginate Microencapsulation Sphere. Cells, 11(19), 3134.

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Graphene Oxide Synthesis Protocol

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Sodium alginate was purchased from Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Graphite powder, sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), potassium peroxydisulfate (K₂S₂O₈), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), (Mw = 70000) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Yan X., Li F., Hu K.D., Xue J., Pan X.F., He T., Dong L., Wang X.Y., Wu Y.D., Song Y.H., Xu W.P, & Lu Y. (2017). Nacre-mimic Reinforced Ag@reduced Graphene Oxide-Sodium Alginate Composite Film for Wound Healing. Scientific Reports, 7, 13851.

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Polysaccharide Extraction and Characterization

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The polysaccharides of sodium alginate, carrageenan, agar, cellulose, chitin, starch, glucan, hemicellulose, xylan and xanthan were purchased from Sangon (Shanghai, China). PolyM and polyG (purity > 97%) were purchased from Qingdao Haizhida Biotech Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.

Huang H., Zheng Z., Zou X., Wang Z., Gao R., Zhu J., Hu Y, & Bao S. (2022). Genome Analysis of a Novel Polysaccharide-Degrading Bacterium Paenibacillus algicola and Determination of Alginate Lyases. Marine Drugs, 20(6), 388.

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Collagen-Alginate Scaffold Fabrication

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The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Hefei University Ethics Committee. Type I collagen was prepared from the tail tendons of rats. Sodium alginate, 75% alcohol, glacial acetic acid, sodium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, bovine serum albumin (BSA), 4% paraformaldehyde, Triton X-100, Tween 20 were all purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Beakers, ophthalmic Scissors, and tweezers were all obtained from the school reagent library; primary antibodies and fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Wuhan Sanying Biology Technology Co., Ltd. Inverted fluorescence microscopes (IX53; Olympus, Japan), CO2 incubators (Thermo 3131), and computer-controlled microfluidic pumps (Harvard Apparatus PUMP33; Harvard Instruments, USA) were employed in this study.

Liu J., Feng C., Zhang M., Song F, & Liu H. (2022). Design and Fabrication of a Liver-on-a-chip Reconstructing Tissue-tissue Interfaces. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 959299.

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Sodium Alginate Synthesis and E. coli Culturing

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Sodium alginate derived from brown seaweed was purchased from Sangon (Shanghai, China). PM, PG (6–8 kDa), and alginate oligosaccharides (purity ≥ 97%) were purchased from Zzstandard (Qingdao, China). PMG was prepared as previously described [45 (link)]. Other chemicals and reagents used in this study are of analytical grade. E. coli strains were from TransGen (Beijing, China) and cultured in Lysogeny broth (LB) medium at 37 °C.

Xue Z., Sun X.M., Chen C., Zhang X.Y., Chen X.L., Zhang Y.Z., Fan S.J, & Xu F. (2022). A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification, Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation. Marine Drugs, 20(3), 159.

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Cholesterol-Loaded Alginate Nanoparticles

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Sodium alginate, folic acid, and cholesterol were purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). MET, filipin, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-(dimethyl-amino) pyridine (DMAP), (N1-(ethylimino-methylene)-N3, N3-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Doxorubicin, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, and EIPA were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.

Song M., Xia W., Tao Z., Zhu B., Zhang W., Liu C, & Chen S. (2021). Self-assembled polymeric nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of metformin and doxorubicin for melanoma therapy. Drug Delivery, 28(1), 594-606.

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Scalable Alginate Microcapsule Production

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The microdroplets were produced by three High-Precision Programmable Syringe Pumps (WK-101P, Nanjing Anerker Electronics Technology Co. Ltd., China) using a stainless-steel tube-in-tube device. The solutions that flowed into the three inlets were 2 wt% sodium alginate (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) for Inlet 1 and Inlet 2, and corn oil for Inlet 3. The microdroplets flowed into a 6-cm dish (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) with calcium chloride solution (pH 7.2–7.4) to form alginate hydrogel constructs. Microcapsules of three different diameters (814, 680 and 524 μm) were produced by regulating the flow rates of the oil.

Cao Y., Zhao G., Panhwar F., Zhang X., Chen Z., Cheng L., Zang C., Liu F., Zhao Y, & He X. (2018). The Unusual Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Enable Massive-Volume Vitrification of Stem Cells with Low-Concentration Cryoprotectants. Advanced materials technologies, 4(1), 1800289.

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Cloning and Expression of ALyase PMD

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The coding gene of putative ALyase PMD (GenBank No. WP_047587958.1) was generated from GenBank Database. The sequence of gene with an in-frame C-terminus fusion 6×histidine-tag was synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and inserted into the pET28a (+) vector between the Nde Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ site. E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 (DE3) were used for gene cloning and expression, respectively. PrimeSTAR MIX DNA polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, Dpn Ⅰ was purchased from TaKaRa (Dalian, China). DNA products were purified via DNA purification kit purchased from Novagen (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium alginate (M/G ratio 1.87) was purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). Polymannuronate (PM, purity: ~99%), polyguluronate (PG, purity: ~99%), and glucuronic acid standards (monomer, dimer, and trimer) were purchased from Qingdao BZ Oligo Biotech Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China).

Zhou L., Meng Q., Zhang R., Jiang B., Liu X., Chen J, & Zhang T. (2022). Characterization of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase Family 5 Alginate Lyase with PolyM Substrate Specificity. Foods, 11(21), 3527.

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