All data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) unless otherwise indicated. Nonparametric statistical analysis was used (n < 30) according to the results derived from the Shapiro–Wilk analysis. Comparisons between all groups were made with the Kruskal–Wallis test and those between 2 groups were made with the Mann–Whitney U test. Intra-individual comparison of baseline versus follow-up was analyzed by a nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Statistical significance was accepted when the p-value was ≤0.05. All analyses were performed with PASW Statistic 18 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) software.
Pasw statistic 18
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
PASW Statistic 18 is a software application designed for statistical analysis. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for data management, exploration, modeling, and reporting. The software is capable of handling a wide range of data types and supports advanced statistical methods, making it a versatile tool for researchers, analysts, and decision-makers.
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Lab products found in correlation
24 protocols using pasw statistic 18
1
Nonparametric Analysis of Study Outcomes
2
Quantifying Viral RNA Reduction
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Reduction of viral RNA reduction was determined by calculating the log10 (Nd/N0), where N0 is the number of RNA copies detected in untreated samples and Nd is the number of viral particles or RNA copies in the alcohol-treated samples. TaqMan real-time RT-PCR data were expressed as the mean of at least three replicates from each independent experiment. Univariate linear regression models were fitted to compare overall virolysis patterns between norovirus strains, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to determine significant differences in RNA reduction levels using PASW Statistic 18 software (IBM SPSS Inc, New York, NY) [30 ]. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
3
Antibacterial and Antiviral Compound Evaluation
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Student t-tests were conducted on the results from the antibacterial assay with Soleris by comparing control samples to each of the 4 bismuth-treated samples for each time point. The effect of the bismuth compounds on MNV plaque formation and Norwalk replicon RNA levels were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using PASW Statistic 18 (IBM SPSS Inc., New York, NY).41 Each pairwise treatment comparison was statistically tested at a significance level of 5%.
4
Statistical Analyses of Plant-Soil Interactions
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Statistical analyses were carried out with PASW Statistic 18 (IBM SPSS Statistics) and R version 3.0.3 (R Development Core Team). Soil and plant characteristics are illustrated by means and standard errors (mean ± SE). In general, a significance level of P < 0.05 was used. Significance of treatment effects was tested by a one-way ANOVA after testing for normality (Shapiro-Wilk-test, P > 0.05) and for the homogeneity of variances (Levene-test, P > 0.05). In cases of non-normal distribution, data were log-or root-transformed and retested with the Shapiro-Wilk-test. The ANOVAs were followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons using the Tukey-test, or LSD-test, if the homogeneity of variances was not given. In a few cases, normality was not achieved and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was performed. Subsequently, multiple comparisons coupled with the Benjamini-Yekutieli correction were performed. To analyze the relationships between various investigated plant and soil characteristics, regression analysis was used. In some cases, variables could be better explained by combining a set of predictors and, thus, a step-wise multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was implemented. The MLRA results were interpreted by using the total explained variance and changes in R 2 .
5
UAV Imagery Processing and Spatial Analysis
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The Pix4D mapper (Pix4D Inc, Lausanne, Switzerland) was used for UAV image processing. ArcGIS 9.1 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA) was used for geospatial data analysis and mapping. PASW Statistic 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for statistical analyses. Determination coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of correlation model [16 ].
6
Flow Cytometry Data Analysis
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Flow cytometry data were analyzed using the FlowJo version 7.6.1 software (FlowJo, OR, USA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out by using software PASW statistic 18 (SPSS, USA). ANOVA tests were carried out for all experimental runs to determine significance at α = 0.05 level. All experiments were carried out in triplicate.
7
Integrated Software Tools for Data Analysis
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We used Eclipse 3.7.1 tools (IBM, Riverton, NJ) for JAVA programming and MS-SQL 2010 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) as the database management system. The R package (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria) and PASW Statistic 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) were used for statistical analyses.
8
Quantifying Synaptic Connectivity of GnRH Neurons
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All data are represented as mean ± SEM, and statistical analysis were carried out using the PASW Statistic 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical differences in the number of spine and filopodia emerging from EGFP–GnRH neurons and PSD-95-ir on GnRH neurons between VEH-P0 and DEX-P0 males were tested using unpaired Student’s t-test for each region. Statistical significance was determined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the total number of syn I-ir contacts per GnRH neurons and syn I-ir cluster in areas adjacent to the GnRH neurons using region and treatment as factors. The significant main effects or interactions from two-way ANOVA were further analyzed using unpaired Student’s t-tests. The number of syn I-ir punctae cluster exhibiting close apposition with each GnRH soma and dendrite and the number of syn I-ir pixel per cluster in contact with each GnRH neuron of the VEH-P0 and DEX-P0 group were tested using unpaired Student’s t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant difference.
9
Comparative Analysis of Means
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Data are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD). Comparison of two means was performed using paired t-test, p-value < 0.05 with 2-tailed t-test. All statistical calculations were performed using PASW statistic 18 (SPSS Inc., USA).
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Data are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD). Comparison of two means was performed using paired t-test, p-value < 0.05 with 2-tailed t-test. All statistical calculations were performed using PASW statistic 18 (SPSS Inc., USA).
10
Flow Cytometry Data Analysis
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Flow cytometry data were analyzed using the FlowJo version 7.6.1 software (FlowJo). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out by using software PASW statistic 18 (SPSS, USA). ANOVA tests were carried out for statistical significance of group differences at α = 0.05 level. All experiments were carried out in triplicate.
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