Commercial TiO2 nanopowder (P-25, Degussa), a non-porous 70 : 30 (w/w) mixture of anatase and rutile with a BET specific surface area of 55 ± 15 m2 g−1, was used as a photocatalyst. Tetracycline (TC, >99%, Meryer China) and carbamazepine (CBZ, >99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were employed as pollutants. Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a surfactant. Ultrapure water (Milipore, MiliQ) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C, pH 7.0 and TOC ≤ 5 μg L−1 was used for solution preparation and washing operations.
Carbamazepine cbz
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in China, Germany
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Carbamazepine is commonly used in various research and analytical applications, but a detailed description of its core function would require more information to provide an unbiased and factual account while avoiding interpretations or extrapolations.
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Lab products found in correlation
Mili q, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Progesterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Milli q water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Azobisisobutyronitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diclofenac, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dexamethasone dxm, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
0.22 μm filter, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonia solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Urea, by Chem-Supply (1 mentions)
13 protocols using carbamazepine cbz
1
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
2
Carbamazepine and Progesterone Synthesis
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Carbamazepine (Cbz) (≥100%, CAS 298-46-4) and progesterone (≥99%, CAS 57-83-0) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). All other reagents were analytical grade.
3
CBZ Treatment's Impact on Fly Sleep
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Carbamazepine (CBZ) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and CBZ treatment was adapted from a previously published protocol [31 (link)]. CBZ was solubilized in 45% (2-hydroxypropyl)-ß-cyclodextrin (Sigma-Aldrich) to produce a 40 mg/ml stock solution. Following a baseline day, flies were transferred to 5% sucrose, 1% agar medium containing vehicle or CBZ at ZT 8, and nighttime sleep/wake parameters were calculated.
4
Carbamazepine and Morphine Pharmacokinetics
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Carbamazepine (CBZ) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Morphine sulfate salt and morphine-3-glucuronoide (M3G) was provided by NIDA Drug Supply Program (Rockville, MD). For in vitro studies, a 75 mM solution of CBZ was made up in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). A 2.67-µl aliquot was taken directly from this stock and put into the 2 ml of bathing solution for the population data to obtain a final concentration of 100 µM [DMSO, 0.1% (v/v)]. For in vivo studies, CBZ was suspended in 5% DMSO (% of final volume) in saline (0.9%). Morphine was freshly prepared on the day of the experiment in saline such that the final dose was dissolved in 1 mL and administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections.
5
Yeast-based Medication Binding Assay
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Yeast cells (CICC 30225) were obtained from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC). Iron salts used to produce MY were ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stenheim, Germany). In addition, 2-vinyl pyridine (2-vpy), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), acetonitrile (ACN), and azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN), which were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stenheim, Germany), were used for MIT. Other reagents used in this work included ammonium hydroxide, toluene (99.8%, Aldrich), ethanol (99.9%, Riedel-de Haën), methanol (99.99%, Fischer Chemical), and acetic acid (p.a., Merck). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore). SMX was purchased from TCI Europe ( 98%); carbamazepine (CBZ; Sigma-Aldrich, 99%); diclofenac (DCF, TCI Europe, >98%). All solutions were stored at 4 °C immediately after preparation.
6
Multianalyte Detection in Urine Samples
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TRI, 3TC, LFL, EST, dexamethasone (DXM), carbamazepine (CBZ), and CIP were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA), and ethyl acetate, all of LC-MS grade, were purchased from Merck (Germany) while ammonium acetate was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a purification unit (Millipore, Merck). The urine was collected from a group of healthy individuals/volunteers and was filtered through a 0.22 μm filter (Millipore, Germany) and stored at 4 °C for use in experiments. The stock solutions (1 mg/mL) of LFL and CIP were prepared by dissolving the standard compounds in 0.5% FA in Milli-Q water. The stock solutions of 3TC, TRI, CBZ, EST, and DXM were prepared in MeOH. The internal standard (IS) used for LFL was CIP, CBZ for 3TC, and TRI and DXM for EST.
Potassium chloride (KCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) were purchased from HIMEDIA.
Potassium chloride (KCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) were purchased from HIMEDIA.
7
Characterization of Organic Micropollutants
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High purity (>98%) carbamazepine (CBZ) purchased from Sigma Aldrich, was selected as a model compound for this study. AR grade sulfamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac sodium (DCF), mecoprop (MCP) and benzotriazole (BTA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. HPLC grade methanol (MeOH) was received from UQ science store. Urea (99.0%) and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ, 98.0%) were obtained from Chem-supply Pty Ltd. Isopropanol (IPA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased form Novachem Pty Ltd. Triethanolamine (TEOA, 99%), 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (TEMP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ammonium acetate and sodium azide (SAZ) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Pty Ltd. Ammonia solution (25%) was purchased from Merck. 1-Hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CPH) was supplied by United Bioresearch Products Pty Ltd. All reagents in the experiments were used directly without any further purification. MilliQ water (18.2 MΩ/cm) was used for all the experiments.
8
Anticonvulsant Drugs and Seizure Induction
9
Antibody Procurement and Drug Preparation
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Rabbit anti-human AT antibody was purchased from DAKO (Santa Barbara, CA) and goat anti-human AT from Diasorin (Stillwater, MN). Antibody to GAPDH was purchased from US Biochemical. Living Colors®A.v. antibody was purchased from Clontech (Mountain View, CA). Antibody to LC3 was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO). Antibody to p62 was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Fluphenazine was purchased from Sigma and prepared as a stock solution of 5 mg/ml DMSO. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was purchased from Sigma and prepared in a stock solution of 25 mg/ml DMSO. Doxycycline was purchased from Sigma and prepared 1mg/ml in water. Flu and CBZ in sustained release pellets were manufactured by Innovative Research of American (Sarasota, FL).
10
Plastic Pollutant Removal via Oxidation
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PE plastic particles (50 mesh, 250–300 μm) were purchased from China United Plastics Co., Ltd. (Dongguan, China); acesulfame potassium (ACE) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China); sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and corrosion acid were obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); nitrobenzene (NB), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), kaolin, humic acid (HA), ammonium acetate, and phosphoric acid were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); O3 was prepared on-site by a Guolin ozone generator (Qingdao, China); the ultrapure water used in the experiment was prepared using a SMART-N pure water machine.
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