β glucuronidase type 9 a β glucuronidase

Phycox^® canine chewable whole tablets and the individual components, glucosamine hydrochloride, grape seed extract, citrus bioflavonoids, and Phycox^® premix were provided by Dechra Veterinary Products. ±Naringenin, ±hesperidin, ±liquiritigenin, caffeine, trans-resveratrol, β-glucuronidase type IX A (β-glucuronidase), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-Glucosidase from almonds was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Formic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from EMD Millipore (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q water system was used (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).

Tetrahydrocurcumin, curcumin and calebin-A were provided by Sabinsa Corporation^® (Piscataway, NJ, USA). Sulfaphenazole, ketoconazole, α-naphthoflavone, quinidine, DMSO, PEG-400 and β-glucuronidase type IX A (β-glucuronidase) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Analytical-grade formic acid and HPLC-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q^® system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used for mobile phase. The antioxidant activity kit, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 inhibitor screening kits, lipoxygenase inhibitor screening kit, HDAC1 and PCAF inhibitor screening kits were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Vivid^® CYP2C9 green screening kit, Vivid^® CYP3A4 green screening kit, Vivid^® CYP1A2 blue screening kit and Vivid^® CYP2D6 blue screening kit were bought from Life Technologies™ (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human CXCL9/MIG, Human TNF-α, Human IFN-γ and Human CXCL10/IP-10 DuoSet^® ELISA kits, solutions and reagents were purchased from R & D Systems^® (Minneapolis, MN, USA). CellTiter 96^® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum was purchased from Gibco^® by Life Technologies™ and Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and Penicillin Streptomycin solution were purchased from Corning.