Al2o3 nanowires

The clinical and laboratory standard guidelines were followed to assess the tested agents minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) [8 ]. In brief, some isolated colonies of S. aureus were recovered from mannitol salt agar (bioMérieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France) and subsequently resuspended in tryptic soy broth (NutriSelect® Plus, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) to an optical density of 0.5 McFarland (ca 1.5 × 10⁸ colony forming [CFU] units per mL). This suspension was then dispersed in a 96-well microplate containing serial twofold dilutions of the testing molecules to a final concentration of 10⁵ CFU/mL. MIC values were visually assessed after 48 h. The following antibacterial agents were assessed against the planktonic form of S. aureus: (1) vancomycin (Vianex, Greece); (3) Al₂O₃ nanowires (diameter × L 2–6 nm × 200–400 nm; Sigma); (3) TiO₂ nanoparticles (Nanografi, Turkey); daptomycin (Accord Healthcare SLU); Fucidic Acid (LEO Pharmaceutical); linezolid (Pfizer, Hellas A.E.). The above compounds were diluted in a twofold fashion with NaCL 0.9%.

The following antibacterial substances were used: vancomycin (Fresenius, Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany), Al₂O₃ nanowires (diameter × L 2–6 nm × 200–400 nm Sigma-Aldrich in powder form), and TiO₂ nanoparticles (Nanografi, Turkey).