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3 protocols using silicone tubing

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Nanocomposites

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L-Glutathione reduced (GSH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium nitrite, and polyethylene glycol (MW = 3,350) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Acetone; DOWSIL 3140, MIL-A-46146 RTV Silicone Coating; Dow Corning Silastic Laboratory Tubing (ID 0.058" × OD 0.077", 2415542); and Helix Medical Inc. Silicone Tubing (0.125" × 0.250", 6001121) were purchased from Fisher Scientific Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA). Male Luer Lock Injection Site caps (80149) were purchased from Qosina (Ronkonkoma, NY). Luria-Bertani (LB) agar broth and 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.2) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Grand Island, NY). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (APS 30 nm in diameter) were purchased from EPRUI Biotech Co. Ltd. (ShangHai, China). All aqueous solutions were prepared with 18.2 M Ω deionized water using a Milli-Q filter (Milli-q purified water) from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).
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2

Fabrication of PMMA Microfluidic Devices

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The microfluidic devices were designed using Solidworks CAD (version 24, Dassault Systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) software. A computer numerical control (CNC) program was then created using Mastercam (CNC Software Inc., Tolland, CT, USA), according to the microfluidic circuit design and dimensions.
The outline of the device was extracted from a PMMA plastic sheet (MacMaster-Carr) using a Laser engraver (Universal Laser Systems, VLS 6.30, Scottsdale, AZ, USA). The plastic cut out was then taken to a CNC machine (HAAS Super Minimill), where the microfluidic circuit was created based on the Mastercam program. Milling conditions: milling direction, spindle speed, feed rate were optimized for surface quality. Finally, fluidic ports were created using a drill press (Ellis).
The PMMA device was sealed with a self-adhesive pouch (Opko diagnosis). Main channel dimensions are displayed in Figure 1 The device was connected to open barrels of 10 mL disposable plastic syringes (BD biosciences) via silicone tubing (ID 1.1 mm OD 2.16 mm) (Fisher scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The driving force used for the experiments was gravity, so liquid pressure on the microdevice was controlled by the heights of the open syringes. Pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing (OD 2 mm) (Cole Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) were used to interface the reservoirs to the chip.
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3

Live Cell Imaging of Organelles

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For live cell imaging, cells expressing fluorescent protein-labeled Arl13b or Golgi marker (GalT-GFP) were grown in glass bottom plates. A Zeiss Axiovert microscope equipped with 40× objective, a motorized temperature-controlled stage, an environmental chamber and a CO2 enrichment system was used for time-lapse microscopy. Images in time-lapse movies were acquired and processed by an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera (from Hamamatsu Photonics) and axiovision software (Zeiss). To generate fluid flow, holes were melted into the lid of glass bottom plate using a soldering iron. Silicone tubing (1/16”, Fisher Scientific) was filled with media, put though the openings, submerged in the media, and positioned near the field of view of the objective. The other end of the Silicone tubing was attached to a 6V peristaltic pump with a maximum flow rate of ~40ml/min.
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