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18 protocols using cbd d3

1

Quantifying Cannabidiol in Canine and Feline Serum

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CBD was extracted from canine and feline serum using a combination of protein precipitation and liquid–liquid extraction using n-hexane as previously described [19 (link)], with minor modifications for microflow ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Briefly, 0.05 mL of canine and feline serum was subjected to protein precipitation in the presence of ice-cold acetonitrile (200 μL; 80% final concentration in distilled water), spiked with deuterated CBD as the internal standard (0.06 mg/mL, CBD-d3 Cerilliant, Round Rock, TX, USA). 0.2 mL of water was added to each sample prior to the addition of 1 mL of hexane to enhance liquid–liquid phase separation. Hexane extract was removed and dried under laboratory nitrogen. Prior to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis, samples were resuspended in 0.06 mL of 100% acetonitrile. A standard curve using the CBD analytical standard was prepared in canine and feline serum non-exposed to CBD and extracted as above. Cannabidiol concentration in serum was quantified using a chromatographically coupled triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC–QQQ-MS) using similar methods as previously described [20 (link)].
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2

Quantification of Cannabinoids in Serum

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Reference standards for THC-d3, THC-OH, THC-OH-d3, THC-COOH-d9, CBD, CBD-d3, CBDA, CBN-d3, CBNA, CBG, CBGA, CBC, CBCA, CBL, THCV, THCVA, CBDV and CBDVA were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA), CBG-d9 and CBC-d9 from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) via LGC Standards (Wesel, Germany), CBN, THC and THC-COOH from LGC Standards and THCAA from THC Pharm (Frankfurt a. M., Germany). All standards were certified reference material and had a purity of at least 99.0%, except for THC-OH-d3, THCAA, CBC, CBC-d9, CBCA, CBL, THCVA, CBDV and CBDVA (97.7%), THC-d3 (96.7%), and CBG-d9 (95.0%). All chemicals were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), except for methanol (from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK)) and acetonitrile (from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany)). Chemicals used in LC-MS/MS measurement processes were LC-MS grade. All other chemicals were HPLC grade, except for acetone and dichloromethane, which had a purity of 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Blank human serum used for calibration was obtained from voluntary healthy blood donors via blood donation service and was tested to be drug-free.
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3

Quantification of Plasma THC Levels

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Blood samples were collected (~500 ul) via jugular needle insertion under anesthesia with an isoflurane/oxygen vapor mixture (isoflurane 5% induction, 1-3% maintenance) 35 minutes post-initiation of vapor inhalation. Plasma THC content was quantified using fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) adapted from (Irimia et al., 2015 (link); Lacroix and Saussereau, 2012 ; Nguyen et al., 2017 (link)). 5 μL of plasma were mixed with 50 μL of deuterated internal standard (100 ng/mL CBD-d3 and THC-d3; Cerilliant), and cannabinoids were extracted into 300 μL acetonitrile and 600 μL of chloroform and then dried. Samples were reconstituted in 100 μL of an acetonitrile/methanol/water (2:1:1) mixture. Separation was performed on an Agilent LC1100 using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (3.5um, 2.1mm x 100mm) using gradient elution with water and methanol, both with 0.2 % formic acid (300 μL/min; 73-90%). Cannabinoids were quantified using an Agilent MSD6140 single quadrupole using electrospray ionization and selected ion monitoring [CBD (m/z=315.2), CBD-d3 (m/z=318.3), THC (m/z=315.2) and THC-d3 (m/z=318.3)]. Calibration curves were conducted for each assay at a concentration range of 0-200 ng/mL and observed correlation coefficients were 0.999.
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4

Quantifying Plasma THC Levels by LC/MS

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Blood samples were collected (~500 μl) via jugular needle insertion following anesthesia with an isoflurane/oxygen vapor mixture (isoflurane 5% induction). Plasma THC content was quantified using fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) adapted from (Irimia, Polis, Stouffer, & Parsons, 2015 (link); Lacroix & Saussereau, 2012 (link); Nguyen et al., 2018 (link)). 50 μl of plasma were mixed with 50 μl of deuterated internal standard (100 ng/ml CBD-d3 and THC-d3; Cerilliant), and cannabinoids were extracted into 300 μL acetonitrile and 600 μl of chloroform and then dried. Samples were reconstituted in 100 μl of an acetonitrile/methanol/water (2:1:1). Separation was performed on an Agilent LC1100 using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (3.5um, 2.1mm × 100mm) using gradient elution with water and methanol, both with 0.2 % formic acid (300 μl/min; 73–90%). Cannabinoids were quantified using an Agilent MSD6140 single quadrodpole using electrospray ionization and selected ion monitoring [CBD (m/z=315.2), CBD-d3 (m/z=318.2), THC (m/z=315.2) and THC-d3 (m/z=318.2)]. Calibration curves were conducted daily for each assay at a concentration range of 0–200 ng/mL and observed correlation coefficients were 0.999.
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5

Quantification of Cannabinoids in Biological Matrices

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THC, CBD, THC-d3 and CBD-d3 standards were acquired from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Methanol and acetonitrile—Optima® LC/MS Grade, ammonium formate and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Direct-Q 3UV system of Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA). Whatman 903® paper was acquired from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Marlborough, MA, USA) and WAX-S tips (300µL Hamilton 2 mg WAX + 10 mg salt) were purchased from DPX technologies (Columbia, SC, USA).
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6

Certified Reference Material Protocol

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Certified reference material for THC, CBD, THCA-A, CBDA, CBN, THC-d3, CBD-d3, and CBN-d3 was purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX). All standards were analytical grade and were provided as either 1 mg/mL or 100 μg/mL (THC-d3, CBD-d3, CBN-d3) solution in methanol or acetonitrile. All solvents used were HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA).
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7

Quantification of Plasma THC Levels

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Blood samples were collected (~300–500 μl) via jugular needle insertion following anesthesia with an isoflurane/oxygen vapor mixture (isoflurane 5% induction) or via implanted catheter for groups prepared for i.v. sampling. Plasma THC content was quantified using fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) adapted from (Irimia, Polis, Stouffer, & Parsons, 2015; Lacroix & Saussereau, 2012; Nguyen et al., 2018 (link)). 50 μl of plasma were mixed with 50 μl of deuterated internal standard (100 ng/ml CBD-d3 and THC-d3; Cerilliant), and cannabinoids were extracted into 300 μL acetonitrile and 600 μl of chloroform and then dried. Samples were reconstituted in 100 μl of an acetonitrile/methanol/water (2:1:1). Separation was performed on an Agilent LC1100 using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (3.5um, 2.1mm × 100mm) using gradient elution with water and methanol, both with 0.2 % formic acid (300 μl/min; 73–90%). Cannabinoids were quantified using an Agilent MSD6140 single quadrodpole using electrospray ionization and selected ion monitoring [CBD (m/z=315.2), CBD-d3 (m/z=318.2), THC (m/z=315.2) and THC-d3 (m/z=318.2)]. Calibration curves were conducted daily for each assay at a concentration range of 0–200 ng/mL and observed correlation coefficients were 0.999.
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8

Cannabinoid Standardization and Analysis

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CBN (1 mg/mL in methanol, certified reference material), CBN-d3 (100 μg/mL in methanol, certified reference material), CBD (1 mg/mL in methanol, certified reference material), and CBD-d3 (100 μg/mL in methanol, certified reference material) were bought from Cerilliant; acetonitrile (HPLC gradient grade), methanol (HPLC gradient grade), n-hexane (HPLC grade), n-heptane (HPLC grade), and formic acid (98–100%) were obtained from VWR Chemicals; dichloromethane (HPLC grade) from Carl Roth, triethylamine from ACROS Organics, Fast Blue Salt B (FBS, dye content ~ 95%) from Sigma-Aldrich, Chromabond SiOH (1 ml/100 mg), Chromabond C18 ec (1 ml/ 100 mg) as well as TLC (thin-layer chromatography) plates (silica gel 60, ALUGRAM Xtra SIL G UV254 and octadecyl-modified silica, ALUGRAM RP-18 W/UV254) from Macherey-Nagel, TLC plates (silica gel 60 without fluorescent indicator on aluminum sheets), and HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) plates (silica gel 60 F254 MS-grade for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and silica gel 60 F254 on glass plates) were purchased from Merck KGaA and analytical sea sand from Grüssig GmbH. Distilled diethyl ether and acetone were produced with a rotary evaporator from BÜCHI.
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9

Certified Reference Materials for Cannabinoid Analysis

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Certified reference material
stock solutions of native THC, COOH-THC, OH-THC, CBD, and CBN and
their isotopically labeled counterparts, THC-d3, COOH-THC-d3, OH-THC-d3, CBD-d3, and CBN-d3, were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation
(Round Rock, TX). Native COOH-CBD was purchased from Toronto Research
Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), methanol
(HPLC grade), formic acid (≥99.5%), ammonium formate (≥99%),
and phosphate-buffered saline were purchased from Fisher Scientific
(Pittsburgh, PA). Water (HPLC grade) was purchased from JT Baker (Phillipsburg,
NJ).
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10

Cannabinoid Quantification Using LC-MS

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We purchased high-purity methanol (≥99.9%), 2-propanol (≥99.9%), formic acid (≥99.5%), and ammonium formate (≥99%) from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). We purchased liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) grade water (J.T. Baker, ≥99.9%) and acetonitrile (Burdick & Jackson, ≥99.9%) from VWR (Radnor, PA). We purchased ammonium sulfate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA-Na2), and 0.5 M dibutylammonium acetate from Sigma-Aldrich Laboratories, Inc. (St. Louis, MO). We purchased native and isotopically labeled standards, including THC, THC-d3, CBD, CBD-d3, CBN, and CBN-d3 from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX). We bought the SPE (C18, 100 mg) column and 96-well plate from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA). All chemicals were used without further purification.
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