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Mouse anti human cd68

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Sourced in Denmark

Mouse anti-human CD68 is a primary antibody that detects the CD68 antigen expressed on the surface of human monocytes and macrophages. It is a useful tool for the identification and enumeration of these cell types in various research and diagnostic applications.

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11 protocols using mouse anti human cd68

1

Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Macrophages in Atrial Tissue

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Assessment of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage markers in atrial tissue samples was performed with the use of the EnVision Detection System Kit (Dako). Tissue sections (6 μm) underwent deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen retrieval using Trilogy solution (Cell Marque) in a pressure cooker for 15 minutes. Slides were washed in distilled water and blocked in 1% hydrogen peroxide in the dark for 10 minutes. Nonspecific binding was blocked by incubation in PBS/5% bovine serum albumin/1% goat serum for 30 minutes. A mouse anti‐human CD68+ (Dako) or CD163+ (Novocastra) monoclonal antibodies (1:100 dilution in PBS) were applied for 1 hour. Following washes in PBS/0.05% Tween, the Dako EnVision Kit was used to complete the staining. This included an incubation in prediluted HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody for 25 minutes, followed by washes and incubation with diaminobenzidine colorimetric substrate for 5 minutes. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin for nuclear visualization. Following dehydration and coverslip addition, slides were scanned with Aperio ScanScopeXT Slide Scanner (20‐fold magnification) and image analysis was performed with ImageScope software. A positive pixel count algorithm was used to quantify brown‐colored CD68+ or CD163+ within each scanned image.
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2

Immunostaining of Human Tissue Sections

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All stains were performed on 7 μm cryomicrotome sections, according to standard procedures. Immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence reactions were carried out as described previously (13 (link)). The following antibodies were used for staining procedures:
Mouse anti-human CD163, 1:50, St. John's Lab/polyclonal; rabbit anti-human CD74, 1:100 St. John's Lab/polyclonal; mouse anti-human CD68, 1:100 Dako/EBM1; rabbit anti-human iNOS, ready-to-use, Genetex/polyclonal; rabbit anti-human ISG15, 1:100, abcam/polyclonal; MHCI, 1:1.000, Dako/W6/32; mouse anti-human MHC class II, 1:100, DAKO/ CR3/43; rat anti-human STAT1, 1:50, R&D Systems/246523; mouse anti-human STAT6, 1:50, R&D Systems/253906; mouse anti-human Siglec1, 1:100, Novus Biologicals/HSn7D2; IRF8, 1:100 Abcam/polyclonal.
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3

Imaging Macrophages and TSPO Expression

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After the specified incubation period, MDM were lifted using EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich), followed by gentle scraping. Cells were washed in PBS, counted and incubated at 1 million cells/mL in 1.6% paraformaldehyde solution (Thermo-Fischer) at 4°C for 20 minutes. Using a cyto-centrifuge (Cytospin, Shandon Southern Products, Runcorn, UK), cells were spun onto slides, fixed for 15 minutes in ice cold acetone, and stored at -20°C until required. For multiple antibody immunofluorescence staining and image acquisition, protocols were adapted from Dakin et al. [34 (link)], using the primary antibodies rabbit anti-human TSPO at 1:1000 (LSbio), and mouse anti-human CD68 at 1:600 (Dako). Isotype control antibodies were a cocktail of mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG1), and rabbit immunoglobulin fraction of serum from non-immunized rabbits, solid-phase absorbed (Dako). Immunofluorescence images were acquired on a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope as described previously [34 (link)].
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4

Carotid Artery Immunofluorescence Imaging

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OCT-embedded sections of carotid arteries from CAD patients were sectioned at 10-µm intervals and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution (Affymetrix). After blocking with 5% normal goat serum (Invitrogen), sections were incubated with unconjugated primary antibody overnight. Primary antibodies included rabbit anti–human PKM2 (1:100; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-human IL-6 (1:400; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and mouse anti–human CD68 (1:100; Dako). Isotype-matched primary antibodies served as control. Tissue sections were then stained with secondary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated goat anti–rabbit IgG and Alexa Fluor 544–conjugated goat anti–mouse IgG (Life Technologies) for 2 h, and mounted with DAPI-containing mounting medium (Molecular Probes). Tissue sections were examined using fluorescence microscopy.
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5

Immunohistochemical Staining of GC Tissues

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Paraffin-fixed GC tissues were cut into 5-μm sections and carried out using a two-step protocol. In total, 5-μm sections were stained with the Abs: mouse anti-human CD68 (Dako), and rabbit anti-human PD1 (R&D Systems) at 4 °C for 16 h, followed by fluorescently labeled secondary Abs at 37 °C for 30 min.
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of PD1 and CD68

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5-μm sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues and subjected to immunofluorescence based on a two-step protocol. We stained the sections rabbit anti-human PD1 (R&D Systems) and mouse anti-human CD68 (Dako) antibodies at 4 °C for duration of 16 h, and then were fluorescently conjugated with secondary Abs for duration of 30 min at 37 °C.
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7

PBMC Isolation and CD68+ Cell Culture

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the blood (15 ml) of patients with AAA (n=11) and normal volunteer (n=15) using Lymphocyte Separation Medium (Haoyang Biological Manufacture Co., Tianjin, China). Briefly, the heparinized blood was diluted with phosphate buffered saline in proportion of 1:1, then layered over lymphocyte separation medium (1:1). PBMCs were obtained by centrifugation [36 (link)], and incubated with mouse-anti-human CD68 (1:400; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) and goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated magnetic beads (Dynal, Oslo, Norway) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. CD68+ cells were isolated using flow cytometry (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, U.S.A.). The cell suspension was cultured in α-minimum essential medium (Αmem, Gibco, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, U.S.A.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAA, Basel, Switzerland), 100 μM P/S (Sigma-Aldrich), and 25  ng/ml monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, Peprotech, London, U.K.).
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8

Immunostaining of Decidual Macrophages

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Decidua was obtained under Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Gestational age (GA)-matched tissue was obtained from elective terminations of normal pregnancies between 6 to 12 weeks of gestation without uterine contraction, vaginal bleeding or evidence of fetal demise. Upon diagnosis of missed/incomplete abortion, decidual basalis was evacuated within 24h from patients without infection or systemic diseases. Serial sections of OCT-embedded specimens were immunostained with mouse anti-human CD68 (1:25, Dako, Carpinteria, CA) followed by Rhodamine–conjugated donkey anti-mouse antibody (1:50, EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA). Sections were then incubated with rabbit anti-human CD163 (1:250, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louise, MO) or CD86 (1:200, GeneTex, Irvine, CA) followed by corresponding FITC–conjugated secondary antibody (1:100) and 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (1:500,000, Sigma-Aldrich). Morphometric analysis of cell numbers used Axiovision 3.1 software (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Five randomly selected fields from each section (three sections/tissue) were examined. Cell numbers per field (3 × 106 pixel2) were counted and calculated as the mean of 15 fields for each tissue. A total of 15 cases per group were examined.
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9

Immunofluorescent Staining of Atherosclerotic Plaques

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Paraffin-embedded sections (5 µm) of atherosclerotic carotid plaques were exposed to high-temperature unmasking (citrate-buffer, pH 6), blocked in 0.5% BSA and incubated over night at 4°C with rabbit anti-human MMP7 (Abcam) and mouse anti-human CD68 (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). The sections were counterstained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and Alexa Fluor 633-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG (both from Invitrogen, Eugene, OR). Nuclei were stained with diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Slow Fade Gold antifade reagent, Invitrogen). Fluorescent images were obtained on a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope with 400× magnification.
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10

Adipocyte and Macrophage Analysis in PVAT

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The second half of the skeletal muscle biopsy was used for histology. This half was stored in buffered formaldehyde (4% wt/vol.) and paraffin-embedded the next morning, 5 μm slices were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Adipocyte cross-sectional areas were analysed with Image J in a blinded fashion [21 (link)]. Only adipocytes at a distance no greater than three adipocytes from the microvessel were included. Macrophage count in PVAT was quantified after CD68 staining and presented as the fraction of the number of adipocytes. For CD68 immunohistochemical analysis, slices were incubated in methanol/H2O2 (0.3% vol./vol.) to block endogenous peroxidases. Antigens were retrieved by heat inactivation in citrate buffer, followed by incubation with mouse anti-human CD68 (1:400, DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark). Sections were incubated with Envision (undiluted, anti-mouse and anti-rabbit, DakoCytomation). Staining was visualised using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB 0.1 mg/ml, 0.02% H2O2 vol./vol.) and counterstained with haematoxylin.
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