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8 protocols using l nac

1

Tumor-Induced MDSC Generation and Modulation

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BM-MDSCs were generated by culturing BM cells for 4 d in the presence of GM-CSF (40 ng/ml; Peprotech). BM-MDSCs were exposed to tumor-derived factors by the addition of 40% B16F10 TES, IL-6 (40 ng/ml; Peprotech), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 250 mM; Sigma-Aldrich), and l-arginine (1 mM; Sigma-Aldrich) during the last 24 h of culture. In another assay, BM-MDSCs were cultured with or without 40% TES, 1 mM L-NAC (Sigma-Aldrich), 100 µM L-NMMA (Cayman Chemical), or 100 µM nor-NOHA (Cayman Chemical). TES was produced by culturing B16F10 tumor cells, freshly prepared from B16F10 tumors, at 1 × 107 tumor cells/ml for 24 h, and stored at −80°C until use.
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2

Isolation and Treatment of Dysphania Extracts

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Biliatresone was isolated as described previously13, 24 from Dysphania species plants harvested in Australia in 2008 and shipped frozen to the United States. Cells were treated with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) or biliatresone at 2 μg/mL for up to 24 hours and with DL‐buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; 100 μM, Sigma, catalog #19176), N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (L‐NAC; 5 μM, Sigma, catalog #A9165), N‐acetyl‐d‐cysteine (D‐NAC; 5 μM, Princeton BioMolecular Research, catalog #117600), and sulforaphane (20 μM, Sigma, catalog #S4441) as described in the text.
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3

Chemical Reagent Preparation Protocol

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SFN and DEM were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and dissolved in DMSO and 95% ethanol, respectively. 3-MeA, L-NAC, pyocyanin, and H2O2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The pH of the L-NAC solution was adjusted to 7. IFN-α2b was obtained from Merck.
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4

Reagents and Plasmids Used in Study

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Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (L-NAC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. DMF was dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) and L-NAC in water. Interferon-β1A was obtained from Merck/Sigma-Aldrich. All plasmids used in the study were from the Lin laboratory and were previously described in ref. 59 (link).
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5

Ultraviolet Radiation Pretreatment

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The cells were pretreated with L-NAC (10 mM, Sigma) for 1 h and then irradiated with UVB or UVC as indicated. After radiation, the cells were continuously incubated with L-NAC (10 mM) until harvesting.
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6

Investigating Synergistic Effects of PI3K Inhibitor and Topoisomerase Inhibitor

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LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, and doxorubicin, a topoisomerase II inhibitor that produces DNA damage, were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. LY294002 was used for experiments at the specified concentrations.12 Hydrogen peroxide, a ROS, was purchased from Nacalai Tesque.13 We used DAPI (Dojindo) for staining DNA, and LNAC (Sigma Aldrich), a ROS inhibitor, was used based on a previous study.14
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7

UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress Mitigation

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Two 8-watts UVB Lamps (SANKYO, Japan) were used in the experiments. The intensity of UVB was standardized by UV-meter (Photoelectric Instrument Factory of Beijing Normal University, China). The culture media was removed from the cells during the irradiation and fresh medium was added to the cells after UVB irradiation. 50 mJ/cm2 of UVB was used for all the experiments. HaCaT cells are harvested or tested at 6 h post UVB irradiation. For N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) (Sigma) treatment, the HaCaT cells were pretreated with 10 mM L-NAC for 1 h before UVB irradiation. The cells were continuously incubated with L-NAC after UVB irradiation until harvesting.
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8

PBMC Isolation and Expansion Protocol

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PBMCs from healthy donors were obtained from a commercial vendor, Research Blood Components, LLC (Brighton, MA), after institutional approval by the Human Investigation Review Board. Culture medium was Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gemini Bioproducts, Inc., Calabasas, CA). Ficoll-Paque was obtained from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ). Recombinant interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-2 were purchased from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Rapamycin was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). L-NAC was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Fluorochrome-conjugated Annexin-V and monoclonal antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA) or from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). CFSE was purchased from Molecular Probes (Carlsbad, CA).
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