M2 hem 7121 e

Anthropometric parameters at baseline and after interventions included the body mass index (BMI, as the body weight in kg/m²), weight loss (WL, as ([Initial BMI]—[Post-intervention BMI])), percent of total weight loss (%TWL, as ([Initial Weight]—[Post-intervention Weight])/([Initial Weight])) × 100, and the percentage excess BMI loss (%EBMIL, as (ΔBMI/[Initial BMI–25]) × 100). We evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressures by using automatic tensiometer device (Omron M2-HEM-7121-E, Kyoto, Japan). Blood samples were centrifuged for 20 min at 2.500 g and the obtained plasma was tested for glucose and lipid determinations. The fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and the lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol) were quantified by standard methods (ADVIA 2400 Chemistry System, Siemens, Germany) in the Analytical department of Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz. All variables were measured before and after interventions.

SBP and DBP were measured using an automated oscillometric device (Omron M2 HEM-7121-E, Kyoto, Japan). The equipment was automatically calibrated before each use. Measurements were made following the recommendations of the American Heart Association [22 (link)]. Before each exercise session, subjects lie on a rubber mat in the supine position for a period of 10 min to determine resting BP. After the exercise session, the subjects lay in a supine position for 40 min in a quiet room. BP measurements were taken at specific time intervals, including immediately post-exercise (0–5 min) and at subsequent intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 min following the exercise session. In total, six measurements were taken during this post-exercise period to comprehensively assess the cardiovascular response.

On enrolment, the WHO stepwise approach for NCD surveillance was used for data collection [21 ]. Additional information on CD4 count before ART initiation, after 6 months on ART, and the current CD4 count (within 6 months before study enrolment) was obtained from the files. The type of ART and duration on ART was also obtained from participants’ files. Demographic and behavioural characteristics such as age, sex, family history of diabetes, physical activity, and alcohol and smoking habits were collected through face to face interviews by a trained nurse counsellor. Physical measurements such as weight, height, and waist circumference were also taken by a trained nurse. Blood pressure was measured when a patient was seated and relaxed, using an Omron M2 (HEM-7121-E) automatic blood pressure device. Readings were taken two times consistently from the left arm, at three minutes interval.