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3 protocols using anti arginase 1

1

Identifying Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

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For identifying MDSCs, CD45+ cells magnetically sorted from the co-culture of PBMCs with uninfected/infected Huh7.5.1 cells were blocked with FcR blocking reagent (Miltenyi) and stained with the live/dead marker DAPI (Life Technologies), anti-CD33, -CD11b, and -HLA-DR (all from BD Pharmigen). For detecting intracellular arginase-1 production, CD33+ cells were magnetically sorted from co-cultures with NK cells and stained for MDSC surface markers. The cells were then fixed and permeabilized by Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD biosciences) and stained with the MDSC markers described above and anti-Arginase-1 (R&D Systems). Aqua live/dead stain (Life Technologies) was included to analyze cell viability. All stained cells were run on BD FACSCantoII (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Immunomodulatory Proteins

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Freshly isolated spDC, TIDC, or murine normal hepatocytes were lysed at 4°C for 20 min in a RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors (2.5 μg/mL pepstatin, 10 μg/mL aprotinin, 5 μg/mL leupeptin, and 0.1 mM PMSF). After centrifugation, protein concentration in the supernatant was determined using a Bio-Rad protein assay (Hercules). Thirty micrograms of proteins was separated by SDS-PAGE (12% polyacrylamide gel for IDO and arginase-1 detection and 7% for inducible NOS (iNOS) detection). Proteins were electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked in Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) with 1% Tween-20 and 5% skim milk and incubated overnight (4°C) with anti-mouse-IDO monoclonal antibody (1 : 5000, Enzo Life Sciences), anti-arginase-1 (1 : 2000, R&D Systems), and anti-iNOS (1 : 500, R&D Systems). The membrane was washed and incubated (room temperature, 2 h) with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. Immunoblots were then developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent kit from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, according to the manufacturer's protocol.
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3

Characterizing Immune Cell Phenotypes

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Human FcR Binding Inhibitor (eBioscience) was added to the samples (1:200) and incubated for 20 min on ice to block non-specific Fc-receptor binding. After, cells were washed with FACS buffer and stained with surface antibodies, which included anti-CD45 (HI30, eBioscience); anti-CD40 (5C3, BioLegend); and anti-CD127 (A019D5, BioLegend), at room temperature for 15 min in the dark. Samples were washed twice with FACS buffer. Intracellular staining with anti-CD68 (eBioY1/82A, eBioscience), anti-arginase-1 (R&D systems), and anti-MMP9 (R&D systems) was performed using the Fixation and Permeabilization Solution kit (BD Biosciences). Dead cells were excluded using 7-AAD staining. Samples were run on BD LSRII flow cytometer and data were analyzed using FACSDiva software and FlowJo.
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