MCF7 cells were seeded in a 96 well cell culture plate (1 × 104 cells per well in a 96-well plate) and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Au/rGO NCs with concentration of (12.5 µg/mL) was incubated with MCF7 cells. After 3 h of incubation, the culture medium containing un-uptake NCs was removed and a fresh medium was added and incubated for 24 h in a 5% CO2, 95% air humidified incubator at 37 °C. After this time of incubation, the culture medium was removed and 200 µL fresh medium was added. The cells were positioned in front of the Thorlabs Laser Diode (808 nm, 1 W.cm-2 for 6 and 10 min) and irradiation began at a baseline of room. Cell viability after laser irradiation was assessed using an MTT assay method mentioned above.
Laser diode
Manufactured by Thorlabs
Sourced in France, United States
A laser diode is a semiconductor device that emits coherent light when an electric current is applied. It functions as the active lasing medium, generating light through the process of stimulated emission. Laser diodes come in a variety of wavelengths, output powers, and package styles to meet diverse application requirements.
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Lab products found in correlation
Matlab, by MathWorks (2 mentions)
Nanolog, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Alpha 300r, by WITec (1 mentions)
Bh2 rfca microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Szx12, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Metamorph, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Mfp 3d origin, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Eclipse ti e, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Ff875 di01, by IDEX Corporation (1 mentions)
Et900lp, by Chroma Technology (1 mentions)
Multimode fiber optic patch cable, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
13 protocols using laser diode
1
Photothermal Cancer Therapy with Au/rGO NCs
2
Cell Cycle Analysis of MCF7 Cells
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Cell cycle assay determines the population of cells at each stage of the cell division process by DNA staining. MCF7 cells were seeded in 6 well plates (2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plates) and incubated for 24 h to be attached. Then cells were treated with Au/rGO NCs. After 3 h of incubation, the culture medium containing un-uptake NCs was removed and a fresh medium was added. Then cells were exposed to Thorlabs Laser Diode (808 nm, 1 W.cm-2, 6 and 10 min) and incubated for another 24 h. Then, the cells were harvested by trypsinization and proper PBS washings. Then the cells were fixed in cold ethanol. After 72 h incubation at 4 °C, cells were washed and treated with 10 µL ribonuclease A, with the subsequent addition of propidium iodide (PI) at dark. Evaluation of fluorescence signals was done by FACS set from Beckton Dickinson Company.
3
Hyperspectral Imaging System for Skin Characterization
4
In-Plane Light-Induced Deformation Analysis
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The in-plane light-induced local deformation was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is coupled to the confocal Raman microscope (Witec alpha-300R). Topographic images of 30 μm × 30 μm lateral size were obtained in non-contact mode by scanning 256 lines with 512 points each at a frequency of 1 Hz. A custom setup coupled to AFM was used to carry out the experiments involving illumination. A laser diode (Thorlabs, Inc.) operating at a wavelength of 532 nm was used as light source. The procedure started with the AFM scanning the sample surface in dark condition. Then, after one-third of the total scanning was completed, the iris of the optical setup was opened, and the second third of the image was recorded. Finally, when the second third of the scanning is completed, the iris was closed and the last third of the image is recorded. The AFM images were taken with the Witec Control Plus Software and then were processed with MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.).
5
DAPI Staining for Apoptosis Visualization
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DAPI staining was done for visualization of the condensed and fragmented nuclei of apoptotic cells treated with Au/rGO NCs in presence/absent of laser irradiation. For this purpose MCF7 cells were seeded in six-well plates containing 12 mm coverslips (2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plate) and treated with Au/rGO NCs. After 3 h of incubation, the culture medium containing un-uptake NCs was removed and a fresh medium was added. Then wells were exposed to Thorlabs Laser Diode (808 nm, 1 W.cm−2, 10 min) and incubated for 24 h. Untreated cells considered as negative control and the cells treated with laser alone or Au/rGO NCs alone were considered as positive control. Then each of the wells was washed with PBS, fixed by 10% formaldehyde and then cells were permeabilized by Triton X100 (10% wt) for 15 min. Finally, cells were stained with 300 ng/ml DAPI for 5 min and were visualized by a fluorescence microscope (Olympus microscope Bh2-RFCA).
6
Laser Speckle Imaging of Ischemic Limbs
7
Infrared Laser-Induced Hydrogel Heating
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The experimental set-up is described in Supplementary Fig. 7 . An NIR (808 nm) laser beam from a laser diode (Thorlabs) was focused on the centre of the fully swollen hydrogel samples (wiped clean of excess water) and an IR camera (FLIR ATS, France) placed directly above the sample was used to monitor the change in the hydrogel temperature over time.
8
Laser Speckle Imaging of Rat Cortex
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A 12-bit CCD camera (TXG04h, Baumer, Germany) mounted on a microscope (SZX12, Olympus, Japan) was used to acquire the laser speckle images (640 × 480 pixels) at 50 fps (exposure time T ¼ 5 ms) over the thinned skull. The rat cortex was illuminated by a laser diode (660 nm, 120 mW, Thorlabs). Fivehundred consecutive frames (i.e., 10 s) of speckle images were recorded in each trial. Stimulation began 1 s after the onset of the image data recording.
9
Laser and Ultrasound Irradiation Protocol
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Irradiation with 808-nm light was done using a Thorlabs diode laser (USA), which has an output power of 1000 mW. By changing the lens distance to the target, power density of laser radiation was set at 1.0 W cm-2. Time of laser light irradiation was 10 min.
An ultrasonic instrument of Novin (Iran) was utilized for US irradiation and the US transducer was located under 96-well culture plates. A gel covered the transducer surface. US was irradiated from the bottom of plates with the parameters of output powers of 1.0 W cm-2 in a duty ratio of 100%, frequency of 1 MHz, and time of irradiation of 1 min.
An ultrasonic instrument of Novin (Iran) was utilized for US irradiation and the US transducer was located under 96-well culture plates. A gel covered the transducer surface. US was irradiated from the bottom of plates with the parameters of output powers of 1.0 W cm-2 in a duty ratio of 100%, frequency of 1 MHz, and time of irradiation of 1 min.
10
Laser Speckle Imaging of Blood Perfusion in Mice
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