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37 protocols using cd11c fitc

1

Comprehensive Lung Immune Cell Profiling

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BAL and lung cells were treated with RBC lysing buffer (Sigma). Lungs were dissociated using a Lung Dissociation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec) and Gentle MACS (Miltenyi Biotec). LIVE/DEAD cells were stained with Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Staining Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and after Fc block with the 2.4G2 mAb (eBioscience), cells were stained with the following Abs: DR3-PE (4C12; BioLegend), SiglecF (E50-2440; BD Biosciences), CD11b (M1/70; BD Biosciences), CD11c (HL3; BD Biosciences), Ly6G (1A8; BioLegend), ST2-PE (101001PE, MD), CD90.2 (30-H12; BioLegend). For lineage markers for ILC2 staining, the following Abs were used: CD3-FITC (145-2C11; eBioscience), CD4-FITC (GK1.5; eBioscience), CD8- FITC (5H-10-1; BioLegend), CD19-FITC (1D3; BioLegend), NK1.1-FITC (PK136; BioLegend), CD11b-FITC (M1/70; BioLegend), CD11c-FITC (HL3; BD Biosciences), and Gr1-FITC (RB6-8C5; BioLegend). Flow cytometry analysis was performed on a Fortessa (BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed using FlowJo Software (version 10; FlowJo, Ashland, OR). Live CD45+ lung immune cells were separated into T cells (CD3+, CD90.2+), macrophages (CD11b+, CD11c+ SiglecF+), DCs (CD11c+ MHC class II+), neutrophils (GR1+, CD11b+ SigF-), eosinophils (Ly6C+, SigF+, CD11c-) and ILC2 (Lin- Thy1.2+ ST2+Sca1+).
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2

Immunophenotyping of Murine Macrophages

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The differentiation state of BMDM and peritoneal macrophages was confirmed by staining for F4/80 and CD11b (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA) using monoclonal Abs as direct conjugates and their isotype controls. Splenocytes and peripheral blood cells were stained with indicated combination of the following fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies: CD19-PerCP, B220-APC, CD11b-PerCP, F4/80-PE, Ly6G-PE, Ly6C-Fitc, CD11c-FITC, CD4-APC and CD8-PB (BD Pharmingen). Viable cells (2×105) in the lymphocyte gate, as defined according to side and forward scatters, were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed using a LSR II instrument (BD Biosciences), and the results were analyzed using the FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
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3

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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For cell surface staining, empirically determined dilutions of primary mAbs were used to stain single cell suspensions on ice for 20 min in FACS buffer (PBS with 2% FBS, 0.1% NaN3, and 1 µM EDTA). All mAbs were purchased from BioLegend unless otherwise indicated. The following mAb clones were used: B220-PE-Cy7, CD4-PE-Cy7, CD8α-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD11b-PE-Cy7, CD11c-FITC, CD25–Alexa Fluor 647, CD44-FITC, CD45.1-FITC, CD45.2-BV605, CD62L-PE-Cy7, CD103-biotin (followed by streptavidin-BV711; BD), Foxp3-PE (eBioscience), Helios-APC, I-A(b)-PE, Ki-67–Alexa Fluor 647, and TCR-β–Pacific blue. Dead cells were excluded using Fixable Viability Dye eFluor780 (eBioscience). Intracellular staining to detect Foxp3 expression was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the manufacturer’s protocol for Foxp3 staining in 96-well plates (eBioscience). Cells were analyzed using an LSR-II flow cytometer (BD) equipped with 405-, 488-, 552-, and 640-nm lasers. Flow cytometry data were processed using FlowJo version 9.7.5 software (Tree Star).
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4

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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Cell surface marker analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Single-cell suspensions prepared from MLN, adipose tissue (AT) and liver were collected from mice at the times indicated. Cell surface markers were stained for 30 min at 4°C with rat anti-mouse CD3/CD19-CF594 (Clone:145-2C11,1D3) F4/80-APC (Clone: T45-2342), CD11c-FITC (Clone: HL3), CD301-pecy7 (Clone: LOM-14), CD64-PerCp-Cy5.5 (Clone: X45-5/7.1), CD11b-BV650 (Clone: M1/70), Ly6G-efluor700 (Clone: 1A8) and Siglec-F-PE (Clone: E50-2440) (BD Bioscience). All antibody incubations were performed at 4°C for 30 min (isotype controls were included). Data were acquired using a BD FACS Aria and analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc).
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5

Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis

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Cell surface molecules were analysed by a FACSCalibur® flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). Cells were incubated for 10 min at 4°C with relevant or control antibodies in 100 µl total staining volume in PBS-BSA. After staining, the cells were washed and resuspended in 300 µl of PBS-BSA. The following antibodies were used for the staining of human monocytes, T cells and dendritic cells:, anti-CD1c-FITC [anti-BDCA-1] (Miltenyi), anti-CD11b-PE [Mac-1] (BD Pharmingen), anti-CD14-APC (BD Pharmingen), anti-CD40-FITC (BD Pharmingen), anti-CD45RA-APC (BD Pharmingen), anti-CD86-PE (eBioscience), anti-HLA-DR-CyChrome (BD Pharmingen). The following antibodies were used for the staining of murine dendritic cells and T cells: CD4-AF647, vα2-Bio, SA-PacificBlue, CD11c-FITC, CD86-PE, MHC II was measured by a combination of biotin-labeled I-Ab/SA-APC (all BD Pharmingen). To measure proliferation, T cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye CFSE (Molecular Probes).
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6

Isolation and Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction

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The SVF was isolated from inguinal subcutaneous or epidydimal visceral fat depot of male FGF21KO and WT mice after rmFGF21 treatment or fat transplantation. The mice were anesthetized and the fat pads were removed and digested in 0.1% (w/v) collagenase type I (Invitrogen) for 30 min at 37 °C with gentle shaking. The digestion mixture was passed through a 100 mm cell strainer (BD Biosciences) and centrifuged at 800×g for 10 min at 4 °C. The SVF pellets were collected and washed twice, 1 × 105 freshly isolated cells were triple stained with F4/80-PE (Abcam, ab105156, clone CI:A3-1, 1:50), cd206-Alexa Fluor 647 (Biolegend, 141712, clone C068C2, 1:100) and cd11c-FITC (BD Biosciences, BD 557400, clone HL3, 1:100) on ice for 30 min in dark. Species-matched IgG was used as non-specific isotype controls. After washing, the cells were analyzed with LSR Fortessa Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences).
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7

Comprehensive Immune Cell Phenotyping

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The following antibodies were used for flow cytometry analysis: CD4-APC-Cy7, CD4-PerCP, CD127-PE, CD127-Alexa Fluor® 647, CD25-FITC, CD25-PE-Cy7, CD14-FITC, CD16-FITC, CD20-FITC, CD45RO-PE, CD56-FITC, CD11c-FITC, TCRγδ-FITC (all from BD Pharmingen). Anti-hOX40 antibodies were purchased from eBioscience (ACT35). Anti-Foxp3 staining antibodies (236A/E7, PCH101) were from eBioscience and staining was conducted using Foxp3 fixation-/permeabilization buffer according to manufacturer’s instructions. Flow cytometry was performed on a flow cytometer (FACS Calibur or LSRFortessa, Becton Dickinson). FACS sorting was conducted on a cell sorter (FACS Aria II, BD). Functional grade anti-CD3 (OKT3) was purchased from Centocor Ortho. Antibodies against TLRs 1 were from Abcam Inc (GD2-F4), and 2, 5, 9 from BD Biosciences (EB72-1665,).
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8

Tumor Dissociation and Immune Cell Profiling

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After cervical dislocation of mice, tumors were excised, minced and then incubated in an enzyme mixture (7.5 mg collagenase type I, 2.5 mg hyaluronidase type I-S (both Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) in 10 ml PBS) at 37°C for 1 h. After filtration of the cell suspension through a 100 μm nylon mesh erythrocytes were lyzed in 155 mM NH4Cl, 10 mM KHCO3, 0.1 mM Na2-EDTA (pH 7.4, 4°C, 8 min) and washed with PBS.
For FACS analysis cells were stained using the following anti-mouse antibodies: anti-CD4-FITC, CD8a-FITC, CD11b-FITC, CD11c-FITC, CD45-APC (all BD, Germany), CD25-PE (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany), as well as appropriate isotype controls. Cells were fixed in 4% (v/v) paraformaldehyde after staining. Analysis was performed on a BD FACSCanto II using the FACS Diva Software (both BD, Germany). Gates of immune cell subpopulations were defined by staining with respective isotype control antibodies and fractions are given as percentage of CD45+ immune cells.
For the IFN-γ-ELISpot 2 × 105 cells of the tumor were used and protocol was run according to the manufacturer’s specification (R&D Systems, Germany). The number of IFN-γ secreting cells was determined by counting the number of visible spots on the plate.
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9

Cytokine and Flow Cytometry Analysis

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For cell culture and virus preparation, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA) and Lonza (Basel, Switzerland), respectively. To measure cytokine concentrations, cytometric bead array (CBA) mouse inflammation/Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit, mouse IL-5 and IL-13 flex sets were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). All reagents for flow cytometry including Golgi Plug, Cytofix/Cytoperm solution, anti-mouse CD16/32 (Mouse BD Fc BlockTM), CD4-APC-Cy7, CD44-FITC, IFN-γ-APC, IL-17-PE, IL-5-APC, CD11c-FITC, CD45-PerCP, Siglec-F-PE, and Ly6G-PE-Cy7 were purchased from BD Biosciences. For development of ELISA, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG was purchased from Southern Biotechnology (Birmingham, AL, USA). HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG1 and IgG2a were purchased from Zymed Laboratories (San Francisco, CA, USA).
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10

Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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After 10 passages, the cells were characterized by multiple commonly utilized markers for conventional MSCs. Phenotypic antibodies used are as follows: CD45-FITC, CD90-FITC, CD34-PE, CD11c-FITC, CD44-PE, I-Ab-FITC, CD80-FITC, CD11b-PE-Cy7, CD73-PE (all from BD Biosciences) and H-2kb-APC, CD105-PE, Sca-1-FITC, CD9-PE, and CD86-PE (all from eBioscience). All isotype controls were purchased from BioLegend. Flow Cytometry was conducted on a BD FacsCalibur. Standard protocols were conducted to verify the ability of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts using Mesencult mouse adipogenic stimulatory supplements and mouse osteogenic stimulatory supplements (StemCell Technologies products), respectively, in IMDM-based media with 10% FBS supplementation. Supplement-to-basal media was at a 1:4 ratio. For both differentiation tests, 2.5×104 MSC were plated per well in 2mL Mesencult media in 6-well plates in 37°C/ 10% CO2 incubation. On day 3, cells were given appropriate differentiation media, with media changes every 3– 4 days. After 2 weeks of culture, cells were stained for adipocytic differentiation with Oil Red O and osteogenic differentiation with Alizarin red. Human MSCs were phenotyped by Lonza as CD105+CD166+CD29+CD44+ > 90% and CD14+CD34+CD45+ <10%.
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