All standards (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), dehydrocholic acid (DHCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)) were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Formic acid, methanol, sulfuric acid, diethyl ether, ammonium acetate, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were obtained from McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Isomaltulose was provided by BENEO GmbH (Mannheim, Germany).
Formic acid
Manufactured by Maclin Biochemical Technology
Sourced in China, United States
Formic acid is a colorless, pungent liquid chemical compound with the chemical formula HCOOH. It is the simplest carboxylic acid and is found naturally in the stings of ants and bees. Formic acid is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (10 mentions)
Methanol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (9 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Maclin Biochemical Technology (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate mgso4, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Orbitrap elite hybrid ion trap orbitrap mass, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Peaks studio x, by Bioinformatics Solutions (1 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile acn, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Irinotecan, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Meilun (1 mentions)
Ccd camera, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Anhydrous ethanol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
32 protocols using formic acid
1
Quantification of Bile Acids in Biological Samples
2
Simultaneous Quantification of Multi-Bioactive Compounds
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All reference standards including baicalin (Lot: D0321AS), ursodeoxycholic acid (Lot: O0424AS), chenodeoxycholic acid (Lot: S0221AS), chlorogenic acid (Lot: N0805AS), and the internal standard (IS) puerarin (Lot: J1003AS) were provided by Dalian Meilun Biological Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Their purity is greater than or equal to 98%. HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were provided by Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical-grade formic acid (≥ 95%) was purchased from McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Fairfield, USA). The water was double-distilled and was purchased from Watsons (Hong Kong, China). All other reagents used in the experiment were of analytical grade. TRQI (Lot: 1905101) and TRQC (Lot: 1907321) were provided by Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
3
Formaldehyde-based Pine Wood Veneer
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Formaldehyde (37%), urea (98%), sodium hydroxide, formic acid, and ammonium chloride used in this experiment were all analytical pure grade and purchased from Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Nano-SiO2 was purchased from Guangzhou Hongwu Material Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). All reagents were used directly without further purification. The veneer used was pine wood spin-cut veneer, width 400 mm × 400 mm, thickness 1.5 mm, made by the laboratory.
4
Aflatoxin Detection Using HPLC-Based Analysis
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Milk (Fengyang Supermarket) and polystyrene (PS, retained molecular weight: 18,500 Da) were purchased from the Aladdin company (Shanghai, China, www.aladdin-e.com ). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) were obtained from Suzhou Dongqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Methanol (chromatographically pure) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The solvents acetonitrile (chromatographic grade), trifluoroacetic acid (chromatographic grade), and Formic acid (85%, analytical purity) were obtained from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Aflatoxin standard products, namely aflatoxin B1 (AFTB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFTB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFTG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFTG2), where obtained with purity ≥98% from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Aflatoxin standard products, namely aflatoxin B1 (AFTB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFTB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFTG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFTG2), where obtained with purity ≥98% from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
5
Characterization of antimicrobial peptide LSX01
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The molecular weight and AA sequence of the purified LSX01 were determined by a Nano LC-MS/MS platform in an Ultimate 3000 system coupled with an Orbitrap Elite Hybrid Ion Trap-Orbitrap mass spec-trometer (Thermo Scientific), as described previously (Li et al., 2021) (link). Briefly, LSX01 was eluted with 0.1% formic acid (Macklin), 100% water, 0.1% formic acid, and 100% acetonitrile (Macklin). The liquid chromatography linear gradient elution was implemented from 6% to 9% B for 6 min, from 9% to 50% B for 30 min, from 50% to 95% B for 3 min, and 95% to 95% B for 5 min, with a flow rate of 0.2 μL/min. The primary mass spectrum was obtained by a single full scan (MS) in the range of 100 to 1,400 m/z, and the secondary mass spectrum data were obtained by the step-normalized collision energy. The mass spectra signals obtained by MS scan were further assessed for protein identification in Peaks Studio X (Bioinformatics Solutions Inc.). Antimicrobial peptide databases (i.e., National Center for Biotechnology Information, UniProt, and Swiss-Prot) were searched separately using the Blastp tool, and the antibacterial effects of LSX01 were reconfirmed by the Oxford cup double-plate method.
6
Quantification of Irinotecan and Conjugates
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Irinotecan, SN-38 and formic acid were bought from Macklin Biochemical Technology (Shanghai, China), PEG-[Irinotecan]3 (average MW 22 kDa), PEG-[Irinotecan]2, PEG-[Irinotecan] and PEG-[linker] were from JenKem Technology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China), Irinotecan hydrochloride injection (5 mL:100 mg) was from Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China), diazepam for use as an internal standard (IS) was obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China), acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (HPLC-grade) were bought from Fisher Chemical (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), distilled water was a product of A.S.WATSON TM LIMITED (Hong Kong, China), fetal bovine serum (FBS) was bought from Ex Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China), trypsin was a product of GIBCO Life Technologies Co., Ltd. (Grand Island, NY, USA)], RPMI 1640 medium was from Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China), DMEM medium was from Cell Max Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China)], 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was a product of Sigma‒Aldrich Technologies Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was from Vaccine Research Centre, Jilin University (Changchun, China).
7
Femur Histological Analysis Protocol
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The collected femurs were then cleaned with deionized water, paraffin embedded, and sectioned at 5 m after being fixed with formalin at 4°C for 24 h and decalcified with 10 percent formic acid (Macklin, Shanghai, China) for 28 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, type I collagen and α-SAM stain were used to stain the sections, which were then examined under a microscope with a CCD camera (Olympus, Japan). The images were analyzed by Image-J (National Institutes of Health, United States).
8
Glycyrrhizic Acid Extraction from G. uralensis
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The seeds of G. uralensis utilized for the experiment were provided by the Institute of Licorice at Shihezi University (Shihezi, China). The standards of glycyrrhizic acid (Batch No.: C11654946), glycyrrhizin (Batch No.: C11602211), glycyrrhizin (Batch No.: C10828731), methanol, formic acid, anhydrous ethanol, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (Batch No.: C298-96-4), ethyl acetate, KH2PO4, 2,4-dinitrophenol indicator, NaOH, ammonium vanadate, aluminum trichloride, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Macklin Biochemical (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); acetonitrile was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (LCMS-level, Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., Waltham, MA, USA); nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Adamus Reagent (Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).
9
Purification of Antibiotics from Streptomyces
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Spore suspensions of S. olivaceus FXJ 8.021 were inoculated into YEME medium and fermented for 48 h at 28 °C with 220 r/min as the seed culture. Then, 5% of seed cultures were transferred into SB medium. After 10 days, the fermentation broth was extracted with an equal volume of ethyl acetate three times, and the resulting ethyl acetate solution was evaporated to dryness. The crude extract was separated by a semi-preparative HPLC system using a reverse-phase column (ZORBAX, C18, 5 μm, 9.4 mm × 250 mm) with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 254 nm and 280 nm on Agilent 1260 infinity series (Agilent technologies, Santa Clara, CA). For the HPLC program, 1 ‰ formic acid (Catalog No. F809712, Macklin) in water was used as solvent A; methanol (Catalog No. M116118, Aladdin) was used as solvent B. The gradient elution procedure was as follows: 5% to 100% B (linear gradient, 0–30 min), 100% B (30–35 min), 100% to 5% B (35–36 min), 5% B (36–40 min), with a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The desired fractions were further purified under the modified program: 89% B (0–25 min) with the same condition as mentioned above.
10
Characterization of Microbial Metabolites
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Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, analytical reagent of pepsin, trypsin, and bile extract were obtained from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Analytical reagent of citric acid, HPLC-grade of acetic acid, formic acid, and concentrated hydrochloric acid were purchased from MACKLIN (Shanghai, China). Analytical reagent of L-tyrosine, Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, casein, pyrogallol, glucose, sodium chloride, rutin, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl aminomethane (Tris) were purchased from Sangon biotech (Shanghai, China). Phenolic and organic acid standards were purchased from Solarbio (Solarbio, Beijing, China), with the purity ≥98%. Deionized water was produced by a Milli-Q water purification system (Rephily RS2200QUV purist water system, Shanghai, China).
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