Anti p acc

COS was provided by Panan Yinzhou Biological Products Company (Zhejiang, China). The average molecular weight of COS was 5000 Da. The polymerization degrees were 2–6, and the percentages of these oligomers were 4.66%, 14.28%, 27.71%, 29.27%, and 18.01%, respectively. Primary antibodies against AMPKα and p-AMPKα were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-ACC, anti-Nrf2, and anti-β-actin were supplied by Proteintech Group, Inc (Wuhan, China). Anti-p-ACC was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, England). Anti-F4/80 was supplied by Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

The total proteins of liver tissues (four rats randomly selected from each group) and cells were extracted from BMMs using RIPA lysis buffer and then quantitated with a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, U.S.A.). The proteins were separated by 10% SDS/PAGE and then transferred on to a nitrocellulose membrane, which was then blocked with 5% skim milk. The membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies that included anti-AMPK, anti-p-AMPK, anti-ACC, anti-p-ACC, anti-PPARγ, and anti-SREPBP-2 (Abcam, U.S.A.) overnight at 4°C, and then incubated with a HRP–conjugated secondary antibody (Bioworld, China) for 1 h at room temperature. The immunostained proteins were visualized with ECL-Plus reagent (Millipore, Billerica, MA, U.S.A.).