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3 protocols using furfural d4

1

Quantification of Furan Derivatives in Food

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The deuterated internal standards of caffeic acid-d6 (CAS 2708298-33-1, ≥99%) and furfural-d4 (CAS 1219803-80-1, ≥98%) were purchased from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada). furfural ethyl ether (CAS 6270-56-0, ≥97%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). The following compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (Oakville, ON, Canada); caffeic acid (CAS 331-39-5, ≥98%), caftaric acid (CAS 67879-58-7, ≥97%), 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran (CAS 10599-70-9, ≥98%), 2-furanmethanethiol (CAS 98-02-2, ≥98%), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (CAS 496-16-2, ≥99%), 2-acetylfuran (CAS 1192-62-7, ≥99%), 5-methylfurfural (CAS 620-02-0, ≥98%), homofuraneol (CAS 27538-09-06, ≥96%), furfural (CAS 98-01-1, ≥99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99%) and ethyl-2-furoate (CAS 614-99-3, ≥99%). All solvents used were HPLC grade purity. Potassium metabisulphite (KMS) and potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) were purchased from Scott Laboratories Ltd. (Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON, Canada). D-fructose (≥99%) was purchased from BioShop® Canada Inc. (Burlington, ON, Canada). Milli-Q water was obtained Millipore (Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Isotopically Labeled Compounds

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Furan-d4 (!98%) and l-leucine (!99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Furfural-d4 (!99.7%) was obtained from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, Canada) and methanol (!99.9%) was bought from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). Food grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and methylcellulose (MC) were purchased from Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI), corn starch from Cargill (Wayzata, MN) and d-glucose monohydrate was kindly provided by Roquette Frères (France).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Smoke Flavoring

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Of 119 identified substances, 52 (indicated by 'Std' in column 3 of Table 1) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium. The isotopically labelled internal standards furfural-d4, 2-ethylphenol-d10, m-cresol-d8, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-2,3,5,6-d4 were supplied by CDN Isotopes (Point-Claire, QC), and phenol-2,6-13C2, catechol-13C6, 4-methylcatechol-ring-d3, guaiacol-ring-13C6, and vanillin-ring-13C6 were supplied by Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Tewksbury, MA). Methanolic solutions of reference substances spanning the concentration range of 1.0-1.2 mg/L were used for instrument calibration, in order to cover the wide range in detection limits of different smoke flavouring components.
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