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9 protocols using rabbit anti pv

1

Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization

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In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed on 16–25 μm sections (Schaeren-Wiemers and Gerfin-Moser, 1993; Dasen et al., 2005). Primary antibodies: rabbit anti-PV (1/5000, Swant); guinea pig anti-Islet1/2, (1/16000; Dasen et al., 2005); rabbit anti-GFP (1/1500, Life Technologies); guinea-pig anti vGlut1 (1/8000; Betley et al., 2009 (link)) and rabbit anti-FoxP1 (1/16000; Dasen et al., 2008). FITC, Cy3 and Cy5 secondary antibodies were used at 1/1000, 1/1000 and 1/500 dilutions, respectively. Double fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed with digoxigenin- and fluorescein-labeled cRNA probes, detected with a FITC/Cy-5 tyramide signal amplification (TSA) system (Perkin Elmer). Images were acquired and quantified on a Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope (Sürmeli et al, 2011 (link)).
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2

Intracellular Biocytin Filling and PV Staining

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Single PIIs were intracellularly filled with 0.2% biocytin in acute transverse dentate gyrus slices of P18 Wistar rats. After filling, slices were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C and primary antibody (rabbit anti-PV, 1:1000, Swant) and secondary fluorescence stainings (PV: goat anti-rabbit Cy3, 1:1000; Jackson Immunoresearch; biocytin: AlexaFluor647-conjugate, 1:500; Invitrogen) were performed. Putative synaptic contacts between the biocytin-filled PII and remaining PV+ cells were identified as close appositions of presynaptic axonal boutons in close vicinity of PV+ somatodendritic compartments by confocal microscopy (LSM710, Zeiss; Apochromat ×63 oil immersion objective). For all putative postsynaptic PV+ neurons in the slice, number of putative synaptic contacts, mean dendritic distance of these contacts from the soma and intersomatic distance to the biocytin-labeled cell were analyzed. Image analysis was done with ImageJ 1.51f. The experimenter was blinded during the analysis regarding the intersomatic distance between pre- and postsynaptic neurons.
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3

Multicolor Immunofluorescence Protocol

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Rabbit anti-WHRN (from Joriene de Nooij lab), mouse anti-ISLET1 (DSHB, cat#39.4D5), chicken anti-RFP (Rockland, cat#600-901-379S), rabbit anti-VGLUT1 (SYSY, cat#135303), guinea pig anti-VGLUT1 (SYSY, cat#135304), rabbit anti-FXYD7 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat#HPA026916), rabbit anti-LMCD1 (Human Protein Atlas, cat#HPA024059), goat anti-WGA (Vector Laboratories, cat#AS-2024), mouse anti-BRN3C (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat#sc-81980), goat anti-PV (Swant, cat#PVG-213), rabbit anti-PV (Swant, cat#PV27), rabbit anti-CART (from Igor Adameyko lab), rabbit anti-RUNX1 (from Thomas Jessell lab), rabbit anti-CALB1 (Swant, cat#CB-38a), goat anti-CHAT (Millipore, cat#AB144p), DAPI (Invitrogen, cat#D1306)
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4

Retrograde Labeling of Motor Neurons

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Spinal cords dissected from p12 mice were perfused with cold (~16 °C), oxygenated (95% O2, 5% CO2) aCSF (containing 128.35 mM NaCl, 4 mM KCl, 0.58 mM NaH2PO4.H20, 21 mM NaHCO3, 30 mM D-Glucose, 0.1 mM CaCl2.H20, and 2 mM MgSO4.7H20) and were hemisected for better oxygenation. Motor neurons were retrogradely-labeled by placing the L5 ventral root in a suction electrode and allowing 30–40 mM Cascade Blue dextran (10,000 MW, Invitrogen) diluted in 0.01 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) to passively diffuse into the somata and dendrites of motor neurons overnight. Cords were immersion-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 12 hours and stored in 0.01 M PBS. Proprioceptive fibers were visualized with an antibody against Pv as follows: 75 μm serial vibratome-cut L5 sections were blocked with 10% normal donkey serum in 0.01 M PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBS-T; pH 7.4). Sections were incubated overnight in rabbit anti-Pv 1:1000 (Swant), washed in PBS-T and incubated for 3 hours in DyLight 488-goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody, 1:250 (Jackson Labs). All antibody incubations were performed at room temperature. Sections were washed in PBS and mounted onto slides.
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5

Quantifying Perisomatic Glutamatergic Inputs on Parvalbumin Interneurons

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Mice were perfused transcardially with paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) and brains removed, postfixed in PFA (1.5 h) and cryoprotected (30% sucrose) before slicing into coronal sections (40 µm) on a cryostat or freezing microtome (Leica). Every fourth section was collected, washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated in blocking solution (0.8% Triton X- 100, 20% BSA in PBS; overnight, 4 °C), then primary antibody (rabbit anti-GFP 1:2,000 (Abcam), rabbit anti-PV 1:1,000 (Swant), guinea pig anti-VGluT2 1:500 (Synaptic Systems) followed by secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa 488, goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa 596, goat anti-guinea pig 564, goat anti mouse 488 or 633 (Invitrogen), diluted at 1:1,000 in PBS-Triton-BSA). PV-cells were imaged on a scanning confocal microscope (Olympus Fluoview FV1000TM) at 100×. The number of VGluT2 immunoreactive puncta surrounding a PV+ cell body was estimated using a custom MatLab script to identify a 1.25-µm ring around each cell. The red VGluT2 channel was thresholded to the median intensity plus 4× the SD, and all puncta within the ring, larger than 3 pixels (0.123 µm), were automatically counted and analyzed.
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6

Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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Mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation and brains were quickly removed. The cortex was dissected in PBS on ice and stored at −80 °C until use. Cortices were homogenized using a Dounce tissue grinder set (Loose followed by Tight pestle, Sigma) in ice-cold 300 µl RIPA buffer supplemented with Complete EDTA-free Protease inhibitor (Roche). Lysates were incubated for 10 min at 4 °C and collected by centrifugation at 5000 × g for 10 min. Protein concentration was determined using the bicinchoninic acid kit (Pierce) and BSA as a standard. Equal amount of SDS sample buffer, Laemmli 2× concentrate (Sigma) was added to each lysate and boiled for 5 min. Samples were separated by 15% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred onto the 0.45 μm pore size Immobilone-FL Membrane (Millipore) for 1 h at 20 V. Membranes were blocked in 3% BSA (Applichem) in TBS-T (TBS plus 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h at room temperature, and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibody: mouse anti-GAPDH (1:5000, Abcam) or rabbit anti-PV (1:10000, Swant) diluted in blocking solution. After washing with TBS-T, membranes were incubated with secondary horse anti-mouse HRP-conjugated (1:20,000; Vector laboratories) or anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated (1:20,000; GE Healthcare) in blocking solution for 1 h at room temperature. Detection was performed using the ECL chemiluminescence reagent (Pierce) and X-ray films (AGFA).
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7

Immunohistochemistry for Neuron Subtypes

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Slices containing biocytin-filled cells were fixed overnight in a buffered solution containing 4% PFA. Slices were rinsed in PBS, then blocked and permeabilized in PBS with 5% Donkey Serum, 0.3% Triton X-100 and 1% BSA. Slices were immuno-stained overnight with one or two primary antibodies: rabbit anti-PV (Swant; diluted 1:200), rat anti-SST (Millipore, diluted 1:200), or rabbit anti-VIP (Immunostar, diluted 1:200). Slices were washed 6 × 10min in PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100. Slices were incubated with donkey anti-rabbit Alexa-488, donkey anti-rat Alexa 594 secondary antibody (1:800, Thermo Fisher), and Streptavidin-647 (1:300, Thermo Fisher) overnight at 4°C. After washing 6 × 10min in PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100, slices were mounted with an aqueous mounting medium. Confocal mages were obtained as described above.
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8

Mapping Cortical Interneurons via CTb Tracing

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5–7 days after CTb injection, mice were transcardially perfused with PBS followed by 4% PFA solution, and brains were post-fixed for at least one day. Coronal sections (75 mm) were obtained using a vibratome, and immuhistochemistry was performed (as described above). The following primary antibodies were used to stain for IN markers: rabbit anti-PV (Swant; diluted 1:200); rat anti-SST (Millipore, diluted 1:200); rabbit anti-VIP (Immunostar, diluted 1:200); rabbit anti-NPY (Immunostar, diluted 1:500); rabbit anti-calretinin (Immunostar, diluted 1:500); rabbit anti-nNOS (Life technologies, diluted 1:500), and goat anti-CTb (List, diluted 1:500). The following secondary antibodies were used: donkey anti-rabbit Alexa 488; donkey anti-rat Alexa 488; and donkey anti-goat Alexa 594. For each IN marker, confocal images collected from mounted sections were used to manually count the number of CTb+ and IN marker+ PFC neurons (ImageJ software).
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9

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Neuronal Markers

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Immunofluorescent labeling was performed on 25 µm cryo-sectioned tissue with the following antibodies: mouse anti-Kv3.1b 1:400 (NeuroMab cat. # 75-041); rabbit anti-phosphoS6SER240/244 1:400 (Cell Signaling Technologies cat. # 5364); rabbit anti-PV 1:400 (Swant cat. # PV 27); rat anti-SST 1:200 (Millipore cat. # MAB354). The appropriate 488, 594 or 647 Alexa-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (1:300 dilution). Sections were cover-slipped with Vectashield (Vector labs).
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