D2 phaser 2nd gen

The structure and crystallinity of the green synthesized AgNPs were analyzed using an XRD apparatus equipped (Bruker D2 Phaser 2nd Gen, American) with a Cu (Ka) (1.5406 Å) radiation source. XRD spectra were recorded over 2θ angles ranging from 10° to 60°. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles was calculated from the XRD pattern using the Deby‐Seherrer formula D = 0.9λ/ β Cosθ, where λ is the wavelength of the X-rays used for diffraction and β is full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a peak [13 (link)].
The value of d- spacing has been calculated using Bragg’s Law, 2dSinθ = nλ, where n is the order of diffraction pattern. n is equal to 1. To estimate FWHM, observed peaks were fitted with a Gaussian function using origin 8.5. [14 (link)].

The structural properties of CNPs were elucidated using XRD, which is a vital practice for discovering the XRD pattern. The diffractometer (Bruker D2 Phaser 2nd Gen) was used, by which, the X-ray works with a Cu anode having 30 kV and 10 mA. The intensity of diffraction was determined at 25.7 °C with 2°/min of scanning rate for 2θ = 10–50 of Khan et al.^{83 (link)}.

An X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D2 PHASER 2nd Gen) was used to record the XRD spectra of collagen powder and collagen-NPs at room temperature. Monochromatic Cu/K radiations (λ = 1.5405) were used to irradiate the samples at a scanning rate of 2 min⁻¹, with diffraction angles ranging from 10° to 80°.