Spss statistics for windows software version 17

The sample sizes in this study were not predetermined using statistical methods, but the sample sizes we used are similar to those in previous studies (Ruan et al., 2020; Izzy et al., 2021). All experiments were evaluated using blind methods. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Statistics for Windows software, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed for analysis of variables with normal distribution. Independent sample t-tests were applied for pairwise group comparisons. For comparisons among multiple groups, we performed one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for data from western blots, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, double immunofluorescence staining, cresyl violet staining, and the passive avoidance step-through task. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was applied to analyze the escape latency of each group in the hidden-platform training of the Morris water maze test. P < 0.05 was selected as the cutoff value for significant results.

After tabulation and analysis of the sample distribution pattern through the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, all variables were analyzed through the paired
t-test (parametric data) and subjected to Pearson correlation analysis. The analyses were performed using the SPSS Statistics for Windows software,version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States), with confidence set at 95%.