Palladium ii chloride

Platinum doped porous ceria, and palladium doped porous ceria were prepared using Palladium(ii) chloride (PdCl₂, Aldrich) and Chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, Aldrich) without any treatment or purification as sources of noble metals. Additionally, they were prepared in different ratios (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) to study the catalytic activity of noble metals doped porous ceria.
During a typical synthesis, the dissolution of 5 g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate took place in 5 g of deionized water. Subsequently, 1 g of citric acid was introduced, and the appropriate stoichiometric quantity of metal salt was added to the crucibles. The resulting mixture was agitated until complete dissolution took place. The ensuing solution was then transferred to a porcelain crucible and subjected to a drying process at a temperature of 363 K (the optimum temperature for forming a foam-like structure from the formed gel) for a duration of 24 h. Ultimately, the resulting solid material underwent calcination in a muffle furnace in air under static conditions at 823 K for a period of 180 min. This process was conducted using a heating ramp characterized by a rate of 18 K per minute.

Prior to use, all glassware was cleaned with boiling aqua regia, stored in an alkaline bath for at least two days and subsequently washed with deionised water, prior to use. All aqueous solutions were prepared using high purity water (Milli-Q, >18.2 MΩ cm).
The following chemicals have been used as obtained, without modification or further purification: bismuth(iii) nitrate basic (Riedel-de-Haën, for analysis), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA, Sigma, ≥99% for electrophoresis), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA, Fluka, ≥98%), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.0% puriss. p.a.), borane dimethylamine complex (DMAB, Aldrich, 97%), sodium hypophosphite (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98% puriss.), hydrazine hydrate solution (Acros Organics, 80% in H₂O), dichloromethane (Roth, ≥ 99.5%), tin(ii) chloride dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), palladium(ii) chloride (Aldrich, 99%), potassium chloride (PanReac Applichem, USP, Ph. Eur.), methanol (PanReac Applichem, pure), trifluoroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%).
Commercially available ion-track etched polycarbonate membranes were obtained from it4ip, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. According to the manufacturer's specifications, they have a thickness of 25 μm with an areal pore density of 1.5 × 10⁸ cm⁻² and a pore diameter of 400 nm.