Chemo-mechanical preparation was performed by the same operator using reciprocating instruments (Reciproc R25; Dentsply-VDW, Munich, Germany). Irrigation was carried out with 5.25% NaOCl during instrumentation and a final flush of 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl. After Influence of single post, oval, and multi-post restorative techniques and amount of residual tooth substance on fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary premolars drying with paper points, canal obturation was achieved through the continuous condensation wave technique. Obturation with gutta-percha was performed using Reciproc blue R25 master cones and root canal sealer (AH Plus Root Canal Sealer; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using the BeeFill 2 in 1 device (VDW, GmbH, Munich, Germany) with a small heat carrier (#40 tip size and .03 taper) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. After the down-packing phase, back-filling was performed with the same device and manual compaction was done using endodontic pluggers (Machtou 1-2 and 3-4; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA).
Ah plus root canal sealer
Manufactured by Dentsply
Sourced in Germany
AH Plus is a root canal sealer material manufactured by Dentsply. It is intended for use in endodontic procedures to seal root canal systems. The product functions as a sealing agent to fill and seal the interior of a tooth's root canals.
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5 protocols using ah plus root canal sealer
1
Endodontically Treated Premolar Fracture Resistance
2
Nd:YAG Laser-Assisted Gutta-Percha Obturation
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The teeth were obturated with the use of Nd:YAG laser—CTL-1503 (Laserinstruments, Warsaw, Poland)—at a wavelength of 1.064 nm. The setup parameters were 30 Hz frequency and a 200 mJ/pulse with optical fiber tips of 0.320 mm diameter (Figure 1 ). A sectional warm gutta-percha condensation technique was used, as described in [16 (link)]. The master gutta-percha cone was sectioned into 2 mm fragments. The tip fragment of the master cone was coated with an AH Plus root canal sealer (Dentsply/DeTrey, Munich, Germany) and inserted into the apical part of the root canal with a hand plugger (VDW, Munich, Germany). Next, the laser fiber was introduced into the canal, at 2 mm from the gutta-percha fragment. The gutta-percha was lased (4 s) and, after removal of the laser fiber, was condensed with a hand plugger. Next, a new fragment of gutta-percha was inserted into the canal, and the lasing and condensation were repeated. In total, this procedure was performed four times.
3
Restoring Cervical Resorption Defects
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A gutta-percha cone was inserted in the root canal to avoid the extruding of the repair material. The external cervical resorption defect was restored with a tricalcium silicate-based cement (MTA Angelus, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) in all samples using an external repair technique. The root canals of all samples were then filled using a cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha cones (Dia Dent, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and AH Plus root canal sealer (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). The access cavities were sealed with conventional glass-ionomer cement (Ionoseal, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). The quality and standardization of the canal filling and defect repair were confirmed by periapical radiographs. The specimens were stored at a temperature of 37 °C and 100% humidity for one week to ensure setting of the filling materials.
4
Endodontic Procedure Protocol
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Teeth isolation was performed using sterilized cotton rolls, and high-speed evacuation was used to control saliva. The teeth were cleaned with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (Listermix; Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries, Quesna, Egypt). After gaining occlusal access to the pulp chambers of the involved teeth, the pulps were extirpated and the root canals were cleaned and shaped using Flex-o-Files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA). The canals were filled with warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus root canal sealer (Dentsply Tulsa Dental). The coronal access cavities in all teeth were then restored with amalgam (Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, NY, USA) [17 (link)].
5
Apical Cracking Analysis Following Root Canal Obturation
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The canals were dried using paper points (Diadent, Diadent Group International, Cheongju, Korea). The root canals were obturated using gutta-percha and AH Plus root canal sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). 40/0.02 master cones (Diadent) were coated with sealer and placed into the canal to the WL. The root canals were obturated using the continuous wave of condensation technique with a Calamus 3D Obturation System (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, USA). The quality of root canal obturation was confirmed by mesio-distal and buccal-lingual radiographs. Samples with inadequate or nonhomogeneous root canal obturation were replaced with new ones. Temporary filling material (Cavit-G, 3M ESPE) was used for sealing the coronal orifice. All procedures were executed by a single operator.
Following obturation, the teeth were stored at 37°C in 100% humidity for 14 days for sealer setting. Images of the apical surfaces of the obturated root canals were captured using a digital camera attached to a stereomicroscope. The specimens were divided into 5 groups (n = 20 in each group). A total of 45 apically cracked specimens were divided equally into 5 groups to ensure standardization (n = 9 in each group) after obturation.
Following obturation, the teeth were stored at 37°C in 100% humidity for 14 days for sealer setting. Images of the apical surfaces of the obturated root canals were captured using a digital camera attached to a stereomicroscope. The specimens were divided into 5 groups (n = 20 in each group). A total of 45 apically cracked specimens were divided equally into 5 groups to ensure standardization (n = 9 in each group) after obturation.
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