Dm 2500 m microscope

Images of trigeminal ganglia sections were taken using a Leica DM 2500M microscope with a Leica DFC 365FX camera at 40 times magnification. Maximum intensity projections from widefield z-stacks were taken with the Keyence BZ-X710 (Itasca, IL, USA) using a Nikon fluorite corrected 40x/0.75 NA lens, 1.0 µm step size for corneal nerves. Pixel intensity quantification was performed as previously described.¹⁵ (link)

To image the surface of whole skeletal fragments, and also for electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD), an FEI Quanta 200F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a TSL EBSD system was used [28 (link)]. To assess the molecular-scale bonding of the skeleton, a Renishaw inVia Raman spectrometer equipped with a Leica DM 2500 M microscope and 785 nm laser, with the aragonite peak centred at 1085 cm⁻¹ was used [28 (link)]. Full-width half-maximum (FWHM) measurements of the aragonite peak at 1085 cm⁻¹ were collected at the outside tips of newly grown corallites, as close as possible to the sample edge (approx. 5 µm).

Petrographic analysis was carried out on four standard uncovered polished geological thin sections (∼30 μm thick) by using a Leica DM2500M microscope, with 4× , 10× , 20× , and 50× lenses, located within the Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA) at The University of Western Australia (UWA). Images were captured with a digital camera and Toupview imaging software.

The study of physicochemical properties of lauromacrogol was performed using optical spectroscopy techniques, including UV-Vis-NIR absorption, infrared and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum was determined using a Cary 5000 spectrophotometer (Santa Clara, CA, USA) with the 175–3300 nm range on the quartz plate. The spectrum obtained was in the 300–2500 nm range with a resolution of 0.5 nm. A Nicolet iS10 FT-IR spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an automated beam splitter exchange system (iS50 ABX containing a DLaTGSKBr detector) with a HeNe laser as an IR radiation source and built-in all-reflective diamond ATR module (iS50 ATR), Thermo Scientific Polaris™, was used for the infrared spectrum measurements. The spectra detected were in the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹ with a frequency resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. A potassium bromide (KBr) plate was used for the measurement. The Micro-Raman spectrum was determined with a Renishaw InVia micro-Raman system (Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, UK) equipped with a Leica DM 2500 M microscope and a CCD camera for detection (3500–200 cm⁻¹). The spectrum recorded was in the range 50–3300 cm⁻¹ when excited at 514 nm.

Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of gold nanocubes (AuNCs) were collected using a JEOL 100CX-2 microscope and the average size of the AuNC was determined using ImageJ software. DF images and SERS spectra from the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were collected using a Renishaw inVia Raman Microscope coupled with Leica DM2500M microscope. A 785 nm diode laser was used for the SERS measurements.