Potassium iodide

Human serum albumin (HSA) was purchased from the Japan Blood Products Organization (Tokyo, Japan). Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), MitoTEMPO, insulin, dexamethasone and isobutylmethylxanthine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Anti-F4/80 monoclonal antibody was purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). Potassium iodide, chloramine T, acetic acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dicholorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM)-high glucose and DMEM-low glucose were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). All methods were carried out in accordance with approved guidelines. All experimental protocols were approved by Kumamoto University.

Gold(iii) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O, ≥99%) was purchased from Merck-Sigma-Aldrich. CTAC (>95%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Potassium iodide (KI), l-ascorbic acid (AA), 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), and CV were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. All chemicals were used without further purification. Milli-Q water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was used in all experiments.