Dls100

Manufactured by World Precision Instruments

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

The DLS100 is a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument designed for measuring the size of particles or molecules in solution. It uses the principle of light scattering to determine the hydrodynamic size of a sample by analyzing the fluctuations in the scattered light intensity over time.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ds8000, by World Precision Instruments (6 mentions) Ds8000 channel digital stimulation, by World Precision Instruments (2 mentions) Vernier stereotaxic instrument, by Leica (1 mentions)

8 protocols using dls100

Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation for Memory Enhancement

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Surgery was performed as previously described (Lim et al., 2010 (link), 2015a (link)). In brief, rats were anesthetized (2.5% isoflurane inhalation) and placed in a stereotactic frame (Vernier Stereotaxic Instrument, Leica Biosystems, Nussloch, Germany). A bilateral stimulating electrode was implanted in the vmPFC (AP: +2.70 mm; L: ±0.60 mm; V: 4.60 mm) based on the rat brain atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1998) . All animals were given a 2-week recovery period.
For stimulation, a bipolar stimulating electrode (Synergy, Singapore) was constructed using an inner platinum-iridium core wire with a gold-plated cannula (Technomed, Beek, Netherlands) (Lim et al., 2009 (link); Tan et al., 2010 (link)). A digital stimulator DS8000 and stimulus isolators DLS100 (World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, USA) were used to deliver the electrical stimuli. In the acute DBS experiment, either HFS (100 Hz) or LFS (10 Hz) with stimulation amplitudes of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μA was used. The pulse width was set at 100 μs. In the chronic DBS experiment, the stimulation parameter (HFS, 200 μA amplitude, and 100 μs pulse width), derived from the present acute DBS study (Figure 2) and previous findings (Hamani et al., 2010a (link); Lim et al., 2015b (link)), was used to test the hypothesis that chronic stimulation enhances both the short- and long-term memory functions.

Liu A., Jain N., Vyas A, & Lim L.W. (2015). Ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation enhances memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in the middle-aged rats. eLife, 4, e04803.

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Chronic Electrode Implantation for VTA Stimulation

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Monkeys were fitted with MRI-compatible chambers (Crist Instruments) and a chronic electrode array was implanted using peri-operative MRI guidance^{19 (link)}. The micro-brush electrode arrays^{66 (link)} used to stimulate VTA consisted of 34 Pt/Ir microwires with polyimide insulation threaded through a 26 G microfil tube. The microwires of each electrode array consisted of a mix of 25 and 50 μm diameter wires. The microwires were attached to a 36-pin omnetics connector and were uniformly cut 5 mm past the microfil tube at the recording end. Unipolar electrical microstimulation was performed using the stimulating electrodes in the VTA and a low impedance ground wire implanted below the skull. The electrical microstimulation signal was produced with a stimulus isolator (DLS100, World Precision Instruments, current mode) connected to an eight-channel digital stimulator (DS8000, World Precision Instruments) and triggered by custom software that also controlled the visual and behavioral paradigms. Electrical microstimulation events were composed of stimulation trains lasting 200 ms and were composed of biphasic, square-wave pulses with a repetition rate of 100 Hz. Each pulse consisted of 0.2 ms positive and 0.2 ms negative voltage performed at 5 ms intervals. These stimulation parameters were used in experiments 1 and 2.

Arsenault J.T, & Vanduffel W. (2019). Ventral midbrain stimulation induces perceptual learning and cortical plasticity in primates. Nature Communications, 10, 3591.

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Stereotactic Lesioning of Anterior BST

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The lesioning procedure was performed as described previously^{14 (link)}. Rats were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane (5% (induction) and 2% (maintenance) in 1.5-2.0 l/min oxygen). The dura was punctured through the cannula with a stainless steel needle (Acupro P20-3210, Medichin, Hasselt, Belgium). Next, custom-made insulated stainless steel electrodes (200 μm in diameter) (008SW/30S, PlasticsOne, Roanoke, VA, USA) with a transversally cut tip were inserted into the cannulas and lowered 6.3 mm below the dural surface, thereby bilaterally targeting the medial division of the anterior BST³². The electrodes were connected to a stimulator (DS8000 and DLS100, World Precision Instruments, Stevenage, UK) and an anodal direct current pulse of 1 mA (to create a lesion) or 0 mA (sham condition) was applied during 15 s. One minute later, the electrodes were removed and anesthesia was ended. A few minutes later, the animals were awake. The whole lesioning procedure took 10–15 min.

Luyck K., Arckens L., Nuttin B, & Luyten L. (2020). It takes two: Bilateral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis mediate the expression of contextual fear, but not of moderate cued fear. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 101, 109920.

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Electrical Stimulation and Recording of Guinea Pig Auditory Responses

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An 8-channel digital stimulator (DS8000, World Precision Instruments Ltd) was used for generating the experimental electrical stimuli signals in digital form. A biological linear stimulus isolator (DLS100, World Precision Instruments Ltd) was used to convert the digital signal to analog form. Isolation was achieved with an optical isolator and a DC-to-DC power converter. An evoked-potential instrument (Neuro-MEP-4, Neurosoft Ltd) was used to record the response potentials.
The guinea pig was placed on the dissecting table and the osseous external acoustic meatus of the stimulation ear was exposed by carefully removing the skin and subcutaneous tissue around the meatus. Then the round window niche was exposed.
A stimulating ball electrode made from Platinum was placed on the round window niche and the ground electrode was placed in the subcutaneous tissue of the external auditory meatus. Three recording electrodes were positioned as follows: the active electrode was placed at the cross point of the cranial midline and the line connecting the two osseous external auditory meatuses, the reference electrode was placed at the contralateral mastoid, and the ground electrode was placed at the nasal tip. A diagram of the experimental platform set up is shown in Fig. 1.

He W., Ding X., Zhang R., Chen J., Zhang D, & Wu X. (2014). Electrically-Evoked Frequency-Following Response (EFFR) in the Auditory Brainstem of Guinea Pigs. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e106719.

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Bilateral Anterior BNST Lesioning in Rats

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The lesioning procedure was performed as described by Luyten et al. (Luyten et al., 2011 (link)). Rats were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane (5% (induction) and 2% (maintenance) in 1.5–2.0 l/min oxygen). The dura was punctured through the cannula with a stainless steel needle (Acupro P20-3210, Medichin, Hasselt, Belgium). Next, custom-made insulated stainless steel electrodes (200 μm in diameter) (008SW/30S, PlasticsOne, Roanoke, VA, USA) with a transversally cut tip were inserted into the cannulas and lowered 6.3 mm below the dural surface, thereby bilaterally targeting the medial division of the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The electrodes were connected to a stimulator (DS8000 and DLS100, World Precision Instruments, Stevenage, UK) and an anodal direct current pulse of 1 mA (LES) or 0 mA (SHAM) was applied during 15 s. One minute later, the electrodes were removed and anesthesia was ended. A few minutes later, the animals were awake. The whole lesioning procedure took 10–15 min.

Luyck K., Nuttin B, & Luyten L. (2017). Electrolytic post-training lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis block startle potentiation in a cued fear conditioning procedure. Brain structure & function, 223(4), 1839-1848.

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Deep Brain Stimulation Protocol for Rats

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DBS was performed with a digital stimulator (DS8000; World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) and stimulus isolator (DLS100; World Precision Instruments), using biphasic square pulses with 60 µs pulse width, 200 µs zero time and 130 Hz frequency. Stimulation intensities varied across experiments between 0 (=sham stimulation), 35, 75 and 100 µA. These stimulation parameters are comparable to previously reported work on DBS in rats (Guo et al., 2013 (link); Knapp et al., 2009 ; Levy et al., 2007 (link); Rouaud et al., 2010 (link); Tan et al., 2010 (link); Vassoler et al., 2008 (link)). Stimulation was always applied in the operant cage, started 5 min before actual testing and lasted for the duration of the entire session.

Schippers M.C., Gaastra M., Mesman T., Schetters D., van Mourik Y., Denys D., Pattij T, & De Vries T.J. (2017). Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core but not shell reduces motivational components of heroin taking and seeking in rats. Brain and Neuroscience Advances, 1, 2398212817711083.

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Dorsal Column Stimulation Protocols

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SCS of the dorsal columns was performed using a stimulator (DS8000-channel digital stimulation, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL) connected to an isolator (DLS100, World Precision Instruments). The stimulation was configured to deliver constant-current biphasic stimulation for all paradigms used in the study. The motor threshold (MT) for all paradigms was determined with a pulse width of 150 μs administered at a frequency of 2 Hz. To establish the MT, the amplitude was gradually increased until contractions or twitches of the muscles in the hind limbs and/or lower trunk were perceived, consistent with prior research. Animals underwent stimulation of the dorsal columns through either Con-SCS (frequency 50 Hz, 150 μs pulse width, 50% MT on both electrode pairs), DTM-SCS (frequency 50 Hz, 150 μs pulse at 50% MT on the rostral electrode pair, and frequency 1200 Hz, 50 μs pulse at 50% MT on the caudal electrode pairs), or sham-SCS, during which the amplitude was set to 0. All stimulation forms were performed with biphasic pulses using active charge balancing. 16

de Geus T.J., Franken G, & Joosten E.A.J. (2024). Spinal Cord Stimulation Paradigms and Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain Behavior in Experimental Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

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Spinal Cord Stimulation Paradigms Comparison

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For spinal cord stimulation (SCS) of the dorsal columns, a stimulator (DS8000-channel digital stimulation, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, USA) connected to an isolator (DLS100) was used. The stimulation was set to deliver constant-current biphasic stimulation for all stimulation paradigms used in the study. The motor threshold (MT) for all paradigms was determined using a pulse-width of 150 µs administered at a frequency of 2Hz. The amplitude was gradually increased until contractions/twitches of the muscles in the hind limbs and/or lower trunk were perceived (either by feeling or observing) as shown in previous research.^{38 (link),39 (link),43 (link)} Animals received stimulation of the dorsal columns either via Con- SCS (frequency 50 Hz, 150 µs pulse with, 50%MT, on both electrode pairs), HF-SCS (frequency 1200 Hz, 50 µs pulse at 50%MT, on both electrode pairs), DTM-SCS (frequency 50Hz, 150 µs pulse at 50%MT, on the rostral electrode pair and frequency 1200 Hz, 50µs pulse at 50%MT, on the caudal electrode pairs), or Sham-SCS during which the amplitude was set to 0. All stimulation forms were applied using biphasic pulses with active recharge balancing. The animals were stimulated continuously for 48 hours. The MT of each individual animal was determined before stimulation and again checked for after 24h of stimulation.

de Geus T.J., Franken G, & Joosten E.A. (2023). Conventional, high frequency and differential targeted multiplexed spinal cord stimulation in experimental painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Pain behavior and role of the central inflammatory balance. Molecular Pain, 19, 17448069231193368.

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