N hexane

Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) was obtained from Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). ANIT and MT were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA; Darmstadt, Germany). ANIT was dissolved in olive oil and administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight [1 ml ANIT solution in olive oil (75 mg/ml) per 100 g body weight] to induce liver injury with cholestasis (35 (link)). MT (100 mg/kg body weight) was resuspended in 1 ml of 0.25% CMC (20 (link)). Colorimetric assay kits were purchased to determine serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP; cat. no. A059-1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; cat. no. C010-2), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; cat. no. C0009-2) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; cat. no. C017-1) levels. total bilirubin (TBIL; cat. no. C019-1), direct bilirubin (DBIL; cat. no. C019-2) and were detected by chemical oxidation assays. All assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Methanol, acetonitrile, methoxylamine hydrochloride, n-hexane, pyridine and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) were purchased from CNW Technologies GmbH (Düsseldorf, Germany). In addition, 2-chloro-l-phenylalanine was obtained from Shanghai Hengchuang Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from commercial sources.

Absolute ethyl alcohol, n-hexane, absolute ether, and petroleum ether were purchased from CNW Technologies GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). 1,4-Dioxane was ordered from Fluka (Madrid, Spain). All other solvents used for extraction and chromatographic analysis were of HPLC grade and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Water was purified with a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Co., Ltd, Milford, UK).
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME; Supelco 37 FAME Mix) and C18:1n7c FAME (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as standards. Four tocopherols (α-T, β-T, γ-T, and δ-T) and four tocotrienols (α-T₃, β-T₃, γ-T₃, and δ-T₃) were purchased from Calbiochem (Sigma-Aldrich, PA, USA). Tocol (internal standard) was supplied from Matreya (Pleasant Gap, PA, USA). β-Carotene and other standard compounds were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Fig. 2).