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13 protocols using navo3

1

Western Blotting Protocol for FOXA2 and HPRT1

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Cell lysates were created using 100 μL of RIPA buffer [Tris pH 8.0 (Sigma); NaCl (Sigma); EDTA (Sigma); IGEPAL (Sigma); SDS (Sigma), NaF (Sigma); NaVO3 (Sigma)]. Protein was quantified using Pierce BCA assay according to manufacturer's protocol (Thermo). Ten microgram of protein was resolved by gel electrophoresis on reducing SDS/PAGE (Tris/glycine 4–20%, Thermo) run at 125 V for 2 h. The proteins were then transferred to nitrocellulose membrane at 350 Ma for 1.5 h. The membranes were blocked in 5% nonfat milk dissolved in Tris‐buffered saline (TBS; Sigma) at room temperature for 1 h. Following this, blots were incubated overnight at 4 °C with protein‐specific primary antibodies in 5% milk in TBS supplemented with 2% Tween‐20 (Sigma). Antibodies used were RabMab anti‐FOXA2 (Ab108422; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and RabMab anti‐HPRT1 (ab133242, Abcam). After incubation, blots were washed five times in TBS‐T for 10 min each. Lastly, blots were incubated with HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse secondary antibody diluted in 10 mL of TBS‐T at room temperature for 1 h [goat anti‐rabbit IgG (Sigma)]. After washing as above, ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit was used (Millipore, Watford, UK) and blots were visualized using Syngene Gbox with genetools software (Syngene, Bangalore, India).
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2

Heteropolyacid-Catalyzed Oxidation of Terpenes

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All chemicals were purchased from commercial sources. Nerol, geraniol, and β-citronellol were all Sigma-Aldrich (99 wt%), sodium carbonate (99.5 wt%) and diethyl ether (99.8 wt%) were Proquímicos. Na2HPO4 (99 wt%) was purchased from Riedel de Hagen. Hydrated heteropolyacid H3PMo12O40 (99 wt%) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. V2O5 (99.6 wt%), MoO3 (99.5 wt%), H3PO4 (85 wt%), NaVO3 (98 wt%), Na2MoO4 (≥98 wt%), CH3CN (99 wt%), were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35 wt%) was acquired from Alphatec, and H2SO4 (95–98 wt%) was Dinâmica.
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3

Calpain Inhibitor Protocol

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The calpain inhibitors E64d (Product Code: IED‐4321‐v) and Z‐Leu‐Leu‐H (ZLLH, Product Code: IZL‐3178‐v) were purchased from Peptides International, Inc (Louisville, KY). Human µ‐Calpain (calpain II, catalog # C6108), penicillin, streptomycin, Tris, NaCl, NaVO3, NaF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), dithiothreitol (DTT), trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, benzamide, and pepstatin A were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO). Human m‐Calpain (calpain I, catalog # 208713) and NP‐40 were obtained from EMD Millipore Corporation (Bedford, MA).
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4

Tandem Purification of FBXW7 Interactome

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HEK293 were treated for 6 h with 10 μM MG132 to allow the accumulation of FBXW7 interacting proteins. Cells were then lysed in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 7.5, 150 mM NaCl and 2 mM EDTA) containing invitrosol (Invitrogen), PMSF, NaF, NaVO3 and proteinase inhibitors (Sigma). Tandem purification was performed. First immunoprecipitation was carried out overnight with anti-FLAG agarose beads. Next day, beads were washed and FLAG-HA-FBXW7 was eluted with 3xFLAG peptide. The eluate was used for a second immunoprecipitation with anti-HA agarose beads. Beads were thoroughly washed and subsequently digested for MS analysis.
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5

Selective Oxidation of Alcohols

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All chemicals were purchased from commercial sources. Benzaldehyde and alkyl alcohols (i.e., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, sec-propyl, sec-butyl) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (99 wt%). Hydrogen peroxide was obtained from Moderna (34 wt%). Hydrated heteropolyacid H3PMo12O40 (99 wt%) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. V2O5 (99.6 wt%), MoO3 (99.5 wt%), H3PO4 (85 wt%), NaVO3 (98 wt%), Na2MoO4 (≥98 wt%), and CH3CN (99 wt%) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35 wt%) was acquired from Alphatec, and H2SO4 (95–98 wt%) was obtained from Dinâmica.
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6

Synthesis of Vanadium-Molybdenum Heteropolyoxometalates

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All solvents and chemicals were acquired from commercial sources. Geraniol, nerol, Geraniol, β-citronellol and linalool were all Sigma-Aldrich (99 wt%), sodium carbonate (99.5 wt%) and diethyl ether (99.8 wt%) were Proquímicos. Na2HPO4 (99 wt%) was purchased from Riedel de Haen. Hydrate phosphomolybdic acid (99 wt%) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, as well as the other synthesis precursors, V2O5 (99.6 wt%), MoO3 (99.5 wt%), H3PO4 (85 wt%), NaVO3 (98 wt%), Na2MoO4 (≥98 wt%), CH3CN (99 wt%). Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35 wt%) was acquired from Alphatec. H2SO4 (95–98 wt%) and H3PO4 (85 wt%) were purchased from Dinâmica.
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7

Whole Cell Lysate Preparation and Immunoblotting

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Whole cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Calbiochem), 10mM NaF and 1mM NaVO3 (Sigma). Nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction was performed with the NE-Per kit (Pierce). Lysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Antibody binding was detected by chemiluminescence on either film or a ChemiDoc Touch (Bio-Rad). Immunoblot band density analysis and normalization was performed using ImageJ for analysis of film or Image Lab (Bio-Rad) for analysis of ChemiDoc Touch images. The following primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies and used at 1:1000 dilutions unless otherwise indicated: phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24) (#9464), FoxO1 (clone C29H4—#2880), HDAC1 (#2062), phospho-Akt (ser473) (#4060S) Akt (1:2000; #9272). The antibody to β-actin was purchased from Sigma and used at 1:50,000 (clone AC-15, #A3854).
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8

Western Blot Analysis Protocol

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Western analysis was performed as described previously (Culjkovic-Kraljacic et al., 2012 (link)) with a modified lysis buffer (40 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 120 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 0.5 μM NaVO3, and 1% [vol/vol] Triton X-100 supplemented with complete protease inhibitors [all were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich]). In addition, blots were blocked in 5% milk in TBS–Tween 20. Primary antibodies were diluted in 5% milk.
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9

Synthesis of Vanadium Complexes

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Sodium metavanadate (99.9% NaVO3) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, hydrochloric acid (36.5–38%, HCl) and citric acid (99% C6H8O7) were purchased from Fischer. Deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9%) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. All reagents and other chemicals was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Vanadium complexes were prepared according to literature (Samart et al., 2014 (link); Sanchez-Lombardo et al., 2016 (link)).
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10

Synthesis of AgVO3 Nanoparticles

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Commercially available reagent grade chemicals AgNO3 (99.99%), NaVO3 (99.9%), HNO3 (70% v/v), ethanol (99.8% v/v), gallium (99%) and indium (99%) metals, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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