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6 protocols using mgcl2 6h2o

1

Synthesis and Characterization of 5-FU Nanocarriers

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Chemicals
used for the synthesis of the different samples synthesized herein
are anhydrous AlCl3 (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) and MgCl2 (Alfa Aesar, 99%) as metal precursors, NaOH (VWR Chemicals, 99.1%)
as precipitating agent, 5-FU (Sigma, >99%) as a model anticancer
drug,
phosphate buffer (Na2HPO4 Sigma-Aldrich >99%;
NaH2PO4 Honeywell >99%), distillated water
(Thermo
Scientific), EtOH (Honeywell, 99.8%), NaCl (Lachner, 99.97%), KCl
(Lachner, 100%), MgCl2·6H2O (Roth, 99%),
and CaCl2 (Lachner, 96.3%).
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2

Isolation and Maintenance of Theama mediterranea

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Theama mediterranea was sampled from sand collected in Rovinj, Croatia (45.1180406 N, 13.616976 E). At low tide, the upper three to five centimetres of sand were collected using a flat shovel on 16 April 2018, 4 July 2020, and 18 October 2021. The substrate was incubated for 10 min in a 1:1 mixture of 35‰ artificial salt water (ASW, hw®-Marinemix professional, Wiegandt, Krefeld, Germany) and 7.14% MgCl2 × 6 H2O (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) in a 2 L bottle with occasional strong agitation (rocking and turning of the bottle). After a final strong agitation, the liquid was immediately poured through a 60 µm mesh. The mesh was rinsed in ASW into a plastic Petri dish, following the manual selection of T. mediterranea under a stereo microscope. The collected T. mediterranea were kept in a glass Petri dish at 35‰ ASW at 15 °C in darkness without feeding for up to seven months. ASW was changed every 2–4 weeks, but animals were never transferred into a new dish.
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3

Optical Fiber-Based CRP Biosensor

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Single-mode optical fibers (SMF-28e) were purchased from Corning Optical Communications (Berlin, Germany). Ethanol, glycerol, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPTS), L-cysteine, phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH = 7.4), H2O2 (ω = 30%), potassium hydroxide, and urea were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Acetic acid, CaCl2·2H2O, 1 M HCl, MgCl2·6H2O, L-ascorbic acid, KCl, NaCl, 1 M NaOH, H2SO4 (ω = 96%) and Tris base were purchased from Carl-Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Hydrofluoric acid (HF; ω = 40%) and immersion oil were purchased from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified with a Milli-Q purification system. Human recombinant C-reactive protein (CRP; β = 1 mg/mL) was purchased from BioCat (Heidelberg, Germany) and pooled human >97% CRP deficient plasma was purchased from Dunn Labortechnik (Asbach, Germany). The CRP-specific single-stranded DNA aptamer (CRP-40-17-3′SH) with a thiol group at the 3′-end was synthesized and HPLC was purified by Metabion (Planegg, Germany) and delivered at 100 µM in bidest. water. The sequence of CRP-40-17-3′SH was: 5′-CCC CCG CGG GTC GGC TTG CCG TTC CGT TCG GCG CTT CCC CTT TTT TTT T-C6-SH-3′ [50 (link)].
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4

Comprehensive Chemical Reagents List

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Na2HPO4 and CaCl2 • 2 H2O were purchased from Riedel de Haen (Seelze, Germany). KH2PO4, CuSO4 • 5 H2O, H3BO3, potassium hydrogen phthalate, Na2SO4, nicotinic acid, MnSO4 • H2O, and KI were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). ZnSO4 • 7 H2O was purchased from Acros (Geel, Belgium). Tris, agar, NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, FeCl3 • 6 H2O, MgCl2 • 6 H2O, glucose, Triton-X100, and biotin were from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Inositol was from Th.Geyer (Berlin, Germany), and MoO4 • 2 H2O was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was obtained from Steraloids (Newport, RI, United States). 4HP, ATP, and citric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 7-Hydroxycoumarin (7HC) and formic acid were purchased from TCI (Zwijindrecht, Belgium). 34S labelled (NH4)2SO4 and D9-Salbutamol (D9-SA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany), D6-DHEA was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, United States). Acetonitrile was from Fischer Scientific (Geel, Belgium), and HCOONH4 was from VWR Chemicals (Damstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was prepared with a Milli-Q water purification system LaboStar 2-DI/UV from SG Wasseraufbereitung und Regenerierstation GmbH (Barsbüttel, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents used were also of the highest grade available.
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5

Synthesis of Copper-Doped Diopside Powder

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The first step towards forming a printable slurry is the synthesis of ceramic powder. Here, copper doped diopside powder with a stoichiometry of CaMg0.99Cu0.01Si2O6 was synthesized by a co-precipitation method.
Briefly, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O, >98%, Carl-Roth), calcium chloride (CaCl2, >98%, Carl-Roth), and copper chloride (CuCl2, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were added to ethanol. After complete dissolution, tetraethyl orthosilicate ((C2H5O)4Si, TEOS, VWR Chemicals) was added in a molar ratio of 1 : 0.99 : 0.01 : 2 (Ca : Mg : Cu : Si) and stirred for 2 h. For precipitation, 25% ammonia solution (Carl-Roth) was added and stirred overnight. The co-precipitated product was then centrifuged and washed before being dried overnight at 80°C and calcined in air for 2 h. Finally, the synthesized Cu-DIO powder was collected and sieved to a particle size smaller than 125 μm for subsequent use.
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6

Synthesis of Diopside-based Ceramic Powders

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Diopside (here named DIO) powders were synthesized by a coprecipitation method [26] .
Briefly, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 •6H 2 O, Carl-Roth, Germany, > 98%) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 , Carl-Roth, Germany, >98%) were dissolved in ethanol. Tetraethyl orthosilicate ((C 2 H 5 O) 4 Si, TEOS, VWR Chemicals) was subsequently added to the solution to achieve the atomic ratio of Ca: Mg: Si= 1: 1: 2, and the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h. Precipitation of the silicate was achieved by the addition of 25 wt.% aqueous ammonia (Merck) into the solution and the resulting suspension was stirred overnight. The precipitated product was centrifuged, washed, dried overnight at 90°C, and calcined at 900°C for 2 h. Similar steps were taken to synthesize strontium substituted diopside powders by replacing the stoichiometric amount of CaCl 2 with 2 at.% of strontium chloride (SrCl 2 , Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) to produce Ca 0.98 Sr 0.02 MgSi 2 O 6 (named Sr-DIO). To achieve co-doped diopside, SrCl 2 and copper chloride (CuCl 2 , Sigma-Aldrich, 99%) were added at an atomic ratio of Ca: Sr: Mg: Cu: Si = 0.98: 0.02: 0.99: 0.01: 2, giving the composition of Ca 0.98 Sr 0.02 Mg 0.99 Cu 0.01 Si 2 O 6 (named Sr/Cu-DIO). The synthesized powders were collected and sieved to a particle size smaller than 63 μm for subsequent use.
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