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7 protocols using certified acs

1

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization

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Iron(III)
nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 98%+, ACS Reagent, Acros), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, 99%, Fisher Scientific),
ethylene glycol ((CH2OH)2, 99.8%, anhydrous,
Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98.7%, Certified ACS, Fisher
Scientific), potassium chloride (KCl, 99%+, Certified ACS, Fisher
Scientific), and hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride (Ru(NH3)6 Cl3, 99%, Strem Chemicals) were all used
as received without additional purification. The electrolyte solution
was prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) from Millipore
Synergy UV system. Platinum wire (purity 99.9%, 0.01 mm diameter,
temper hard, Good Fellow) was used for tip electrode fabrication.
The 10 μm Pt microelectrode was manufactured following the same
procedure as previously described.4 (link)
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2

Preparation of Insecticide Dosing Solutions

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α-Cypermethrin and permethrin dosing solutions were prepared by first dissolving each neat compound in acetone (Fisher Chemical, Certified ACS) (volume of acetone equivalent to 2% of the total volume of corn oil added), followed by evaporation of the solvent to leave a film coating the tube. Compounds were then dissolved in corn oil, and solutions were stored at −20 °C overnight in-between dosing. A similar process was followed for the preparation of vehicle solutions to control for the effects of residual acetone. Solutions were brought to room temperature and vortexed before dosing. Solutions were remade every 2 to 3 days to ensure minimal degradation of the compounds.
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3

Preparation of Insecticide Dosing Solutions

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α-Cypermethrin and permethrin dosing solutions were prepared by first dissolving each neat compound in acetone (Fisher Chemical, Certified ACS) (volume of acetone equivalent to 2% of the total volume of corn oil added), followed by evaporation of the solvent to leave a film coating the tube. Compounds were then dissolved in corn oil, and solutions were stored at −20 °C overnight in-between dosing. A similar process was followed for the preparation of vehicle solutions to control for the effects of residual acetone. Solutions were brought to room temperature and vortexed before dosing. Solutions were remade every 2 to 3 days to ensure minimal degradation of the compounds.
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4

Nafion-based Anion-Exchange Membrane Synthesis

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Nafion
membranes (NR211)
with a thickness of 25 μm and Nafion ionomer dispersion D2020
(1000 EW, 20 wt %) were purchased from Ion Power. Perfluorinated anion-exchange
ionomer and membranes (PFAEMs) were synthesized in-house; the synthesis
and fabrication procedures have been described previously.43 (link) GOx paste with a
concentration of 30–35 g L–1 was commercially
obtained from Graphene Supermarket and diluted to 10 g L–1 with 18 MΩ cm deionized (DI) water. According to the manufacturer,
the GOx composition is 79% C and 20% O
and the flake size is around 0.5–5 μm. Poly(ethylene
oxide) (PEO) of 400 kDa MW was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The commercial
BPM Fumasep FBM (Fumatech GmbH, Germany), obtained from Fuel Cell
Store, is composed of a sulfonated cross-linked poly-ether ether ketone
and is used as the CEL; polysulfone with bicyclic amines is used as
the AEL, with a polyacrylic acid/polyvinyl pyridine salt complex in
the junction.44 Isopropanol alcohol (IPA)
of HPLC grade (99.8%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NaOH (1 M)
was made by dissolving NaOH pellets (Certified ACS, from Fisher Chemical)
in DI water, and 1 M H2SO4 was made by diluting
95.0–98.0 w/w % H2SO4 (Certified ACS
Plus, from Fisher Chemical) with DI water.
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5

Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate Electrospun Membranes

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Cellulose acetate (Mn = 30 000
Da, 39.8 wt % acetyl content) was electrospun
into fibrous membranes from 2:1 w/w acetone/DMAc at 15 wt % and then
deacetylated in 0.05 M aqueous NaOH at ambient temperature for 24
h.44 (link) Methyltrichlorosilane (99%, Sigma-Aldrich),
methylene blue (Certified biological stain, Fisher Scientific), hexane
(Certified ACS, Fisher Scientific), decane (Certified, Fisher Scientific),
cyclohexane (HPLC grade, EM Science), acetone (Histological grade,
Fisher Scientific), xylene (GR ACS, EM Science), toluene (Certified
ACS, Fisher Scientific), pump oil (Maxima C Plus, Fisher Scientific),
DMSO (GR, EMD), and chloroform (Certified ACS, Fisher Scientific)
were used as received without further purification. All water used
was purified using a Milli-Q plus water purification system (Millipore
Corporate, Billerica, MA).
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6

Certified Standards for Cannabinoid Analysis

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Certified standards of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THC-A), cannabidiolic acid (CBD-A), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and cannabichromene (CBC) were purchased from Cayman (Barcelona, Spain), Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain), and Cerilliant Corporation (Madrid, Spain). N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA:TMCS, 99:1, v/v), was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Millipore membrane filters (0.45 µm) were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ethanol (200 and 190 Proof (100%) Non-Denatured Alcohol, ACS/USP grade) was obtained from Pharmco. Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) and pyridine (certified ACS) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain).
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7

Sb-doped Sn-W Oxide Anode Coatings

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Sb-doped Sn80%-W20%-oxide anode coatings were prepared on 50 mm × 100 mm × 2 mm flat titanium substrates employing a thermal deposition method. The titanium sheets were pretreated (polished, degreased and etched) before the deposition of the coatings. The metal salts used to prepare the coating precursor solution were SnCl2.2H2O (ACS reagent, ≥ 98.0%, Sigma Aldrich), Na2WO4.2H2O (Certified ACS, 100.0%, Fisher), and SbCl3
(ACS reagent, ≥ 99.0%, Sigma Aldrich). All solutions were prepared using ultra-pure deionized water (resistivity: 18.2 MΩ cm). The metal-oxide coatings were formed by brushing the coating solution onto the pretreated side of Ti substrate (only one side of the Ti substrate was coated, while the other side was covered by an insulating tape), drying in oven at 100°C for 10 min to evaporate the solvent, and then baking in an air furnace at 500°C for 10 min. This process was repeated ten times and after the last coating application, the electrodes were annealed at 500°C for 2 hours to complete the formation of metal oxides in the coating.
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