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Human liver cytosol

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Human liver cytosol is a subcellular fraction obtained from human liver tissue. It contains a variety of enzymes and other proteins involved in metabolic processes within liver cells.

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Lab products found in correlation

Allopurinol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Vanillin, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, by Sisco Research Laboratories (1 mentions) Montelukast, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Tenofovir, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Disulfiram, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Methimazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Emtricitabine, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Raloxifene hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Deprenyl hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acetyl coa, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Triapine, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Quinidine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Triethanolamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Human liver microsomes, by Xenotech (1 mentions) Deuterated acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Amberlyst 15, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L saccharopine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L allysine ethylene acetal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

3 protocols using human liver cytosol

1

Enzymatic Kinetics of Xenobiotic Metabolism

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Vanillin was obtained from Himedia and Vanillic acid and allopurinol from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Raloxifene was obtained from Clearsynth Laboratories Ltd, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (β-NADPH) from Sisco Research Laboratories Ltd. Human, dog, and monkey liver microsomes and human liver cytosol were obtained from Xenotech LLC, USA. The AO fraction was obtained from the livers of guinea pigs, and the XO fraction was isolated from hepatic tissue of Wistar rats, by partial purification using ammonium sulfate precipitation as described by Kadam and Iyer[15 16 (link)] Rat liver microsomes were prepared as reported by Walawalkar et al.[17 ] Animal ethics committee permission was obtained.
Subash S., Gogtay N.J., Iyer K.R., Gandhe P., Budania R, & Thatte U.M. (2021). Evaluation of vanillin as a probe drug for aldehyde oxidase and phenotyping for its activity in a Western Indian Cohort. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 53(3), 213-220.
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2

Quantification of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine

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Triapine was obtained from Selleckchem (Houston, TX), tenofovir was generously donated by Dr. Lisa Rohan (University of Pittsburgh). Methimazole, N-benzyl imidazole, chlorogyline, deprenyl hydrochloride, (+) raloxifene hydrochloride, carnitine acetyltransferase, acetyl DL-carnitine, acetyl coA, triethanolamine and allopurinol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Human liver microsomes, human liver mitochondria, and human liver cytosol with high aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity were obtained from Xenotech (Kansas City, KS). human liver cytosol was obtained from Corning (Corning, NY). Plated primary human hepatocytes were obtained from the Department of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. (Suppl.Table 1). Furafylline, phenyl piperidinyl propane, montelukast, sulfaphenazone, tranylcypromine hydrochloride, emtricitabine, disulfiram, and 4-methyl pyrazole were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). [2H6]-tenofovir and [2H3, 15N]-emtricitabine were purchased from Alsachim (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). 3-Benzyl nirvanol was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Quinidine was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). All samples generated were stored at −20 °C or lower until further analysis.
Joshi A., Kiesel B.F., Chaphekar N., Jones R., Guo J., Kunos C.A., Taylor S., Chu E., Venkataramanan R, & Beumer J.H. (2020). In vitro evaluation of the metabolic enzymes and drug interaction potential of triapine. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 86(5), 633-640.
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3

Deuterium-Labeled Metabolic Pathway Analysis

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Deuterium oxide (D2O), deuterated sulfuric acid (D2SO4), deuterated chloride (DCl), deuterated acetic acid (CH3CO2D), deuterated ethanol (CH3CH2-OD), deuterated ammonium hydroxide (ND4OD), L-allysine ethylene acetal (AEA), L-lysine, L-glutamine, AAA, PIP, L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus (Type IV), Lysine Oxidase from Trichoderma viride, Catalase from bovine liver, L-saccharopine, NAD + , 2,4-DNP, uridine 5′diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt, amberlyst-15 and 6-oxo-PIP were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO). D,L-2-Amino-1,6-hexanedioic-2,5,5-d3 (D3-AAA) was acquired from CDN Isotopes (Quebec, Canada), and all other reagents were procured from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Control human plasma, blood and urine were purchased from Bioreclamation LLC (Westbury, NY). Human liver cytosol, S9 and microsomal subcellular fractions were procured from Xenotech LLC (Kansas City, KS).
Wempe M.F., Kumar A., Kumar V., Choi Y.J., Swanson M.A., Friederich M.W., Hyland K., Yue W.W., Van Hove J.L.K, & Coughlin CR 2.n.d. (2019). Identification of a novel biomarker for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: Implications for newborn screening. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 42(3).
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