Sod determination kit

The quantification of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma was determined using a SOD determination kit (#S311; Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. This method is based on the xanthine oxidase reaction, which induces superoxide production. In this assay, SOD activity is expressed as the ratio of decreased WST-1 formazan and was performed at 450 nm absorbance using a microplate reader (Model 550; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).

De Man-Rogosa-Sharp (MRS) broth was purchased from MBcell (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), and DSS (molecular weight of 40 kDa) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Primary antibodies for TLR 4 (sc-52962), p-IκB-α (sc-8404), TNF-α (sc-33639), caspase 1 (sc-392736), IL-1β (sc-515598), COX-2 (sc-376861), AChE (sc-373901), p-Tau (sc-12952), Aβ (sc-374527), Bcl2 (sc-509), Bax (sc-7480), and β-actin (sc-69879) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, CA, USA). Primary antibodies for ChAT (20747-1-AP) and iNOS (18985-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA). Primary antibodies for caspase 7 (CUB-PA05689A0Rb) was purchased from Cusabio Technology (Wuhan, China). p-NF-κB (#3033), secondary antibodies for anti-mouse IgG (#7076), and anti-rabbit IgG (#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). SOD determination kit was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Rockville, MD, USA). FITC-dextran (4 kDa), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 2-ethylbutyric acid, standard of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and all other chemicals used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).