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9 protocols using ba1031

1

Cartilage and Chondrocyte Immunostaining

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Immunostaining was performed according to the standard protocol.
For immunofluorescence analysis of the cartilage, frozen sections were incubated with antibodies specific for YAP (1:100, 14074; Cell Signaling), TAZ (1:100, 83669; Cell Signaling), MST1 (1:100, 14946; Cell Signaling), Collagen II (1:100, MA5-13026; ThermoFisher), and MMP13 (1:100, 18165-1-AP; proteintech) overnight at 4°C and then incubated with Cy3-conjugated secondary antibody (1:1000, BA1031, BA1032; BOSTER) for 1 h.
For immunofluorescence analysis of the primary chondrocytes, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, then incubated in 0.3% Triton X-100 for 15 min, blocked by blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 15 min, and incubated with antibodies specific for YAP (1:100, 14074; Cell Signaling) and Collagen II (1:100, MA5-13026; ThermoFisher) and were then incubated with Cy3-conjugated secondary antibody (1:1000, BA1031, BA1032; BOSTER) for 1 h.
Images were captured with a laser-scanning confocal microscope (OLYMPUS FV1000) using the FV10-ASW 4.2 Viewer (OLYMPUS) and analyzed using ImageJ software.
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2

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Insulin and Glucagon

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Sections were firstly incubated with primary antibodies rabbit anti-insulin (1:50; BM4310; Boster, Wuhan, China) and mouse anti-glucagon (1:200; BM1621; Boster, Wuhan). After thoroughly washing with TBST, samples were then incubated with FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:50; BA1105; Boster, Wuhan, China) and Cy3 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:50; BA1031; Boster, Wuhan, China). Finally, sections were cover-slipped with Boster AR1109 (Boster, Wuhan, China) mounting medium.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Testis

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Western blotting was performed as previously described [31 (link)]. The testes from the Lhda-cKO mice and the controls were harveste. Then, the enhanced cracking fluid (17C11B02, BOSTER, Wuhan, China) was used to lyse the testis, which was further centrifuged at 12,000× g at 4 °C for 30 min. Equal amounts of protein (45 μg) were loaded onto a 5–15% SDS-PAGE gel (Cat#P1200, Solarbio, Beijing, China), electrophoresed, and transferred to cellulose acetate membranes (0.45 µm), which were blocked with 5% nonfat blocking-grade milk. Primary antibodies (LDHA, 1:1000, AB101562, Cambridge UK; β-actin, 1:2000, GB11001, Servicebio, Wuhan, China) were incubated with the membranes overnight at 4 °C. The secondary antibody was used properly at room temperature for 2 h (goat to rabbit, 1:4000, BA1032, Boster, China; goat to mouse, 1:4000, BA1031, Boster, China). ECL Plus chemiluminescence reagent kit (AR1197, BOSTER, China) was used captured the bands, which were quantified with optical methods using ImageJ software (4200SF, Tanon, Shanghai, China). The results were normalized using β-actin as a control.
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4

Dual Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Cells

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Double immunofluorescence staining was performed at 21 dpo
in vivo. Cells or brain tissues were fixed for 24 h in 4% PFA, and brain tissues were then dehydrated with 20% sucrose (Sigma-Aldrich) at 4°C overnight. Brain tissues were serially sliced horizontally into 12-μm-thick sections using a freezing microtome (CM1900; Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Fixed cells or brain sections were stained with mouse anti-NEUN (1:200, EPR12763; Abcam, Cambridge, USA) and rabbit anti-GFAP (1:100, 0190-1-lg; Proteintech) antibodies at 4°C overnight. After washing, the samples were incubated for 60 min at 37°C with a fluorescence-labelled secondary antibody IgG, such as anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (1:100, ab150077; Abcam) and anti-mouse Cy3 (1:100, BA1031; Boster) antibodies. Sections were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M; Sigma-Aldrich) to replace the primary antibodies as a control. Following DAPI staining (36308ES11; Yeasen), slides were mounted and visualized with a fluorescence microscope (DM RBE; Leica). All data were collected from at least 15 images from 3 individuals (5 images per area) or 3 consecutive sections per animal for all groups in parallel experiments.
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5

Retinal Protein Expression Analysis

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Changes in inflammatory and vascular-related protein expression in the retina were determined by western blot analysis. Retinal tissue was isolated as described above. Western blot analysis was performed as previously described8 (link). The following primary antibodies were used: anti- SYVN1 (1:500; bs-0679R; Biosynthesis Biotechnology), anti-VEGF (1:300; ab1316; Abcam), anti-CHOP (1:600; BS1527; Bioworld), anti-TNF-α (1:600; ab1316; Abcam), anti-GRP78 (1:600; BS1154; Bioworld), anti-NF-κB (1:1000; sc-8008; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-IL-12 (1:300; sc-74147; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-β-actin (1:600; BM0627; Boster). The following secondary antibodies were used: HRP-labeled sheep anti-mouse (1:50000; BA1051; Boster) and HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit (1:50000; BA1054, BA1031; Boster). The retinal tissue was incubated in the primary antibodies overnight and the secondary antibodies for 2 h.
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6

Multi-Fluorescence Staining for M1 Macrophage Identification

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Tissue sections were multiple-fluorescence-stained to verify the ability of CD74 to function as a marker of M1 macrophages. Ten tumor types were investigated. After dewaxing and blocking (5% BSA), the sections were incubated with two primary antibodies, namely mouse anti-CD74 (1:250, ab108393) and rabbit anti-CD86 (1:100, MA1-10293) followed by secondary antibodies (BA1031, BA1105, Boster, Wuhan, China). After counterstaining the nuclei with DAPI, the sections were mounted in an anti-fade mountant and examined and imaged under a confocal microscope (Panoramic MIDI, 3DHistech, Hungary). The excitation and emission wavelengths used were used to obtain multispectral images of the stained sections. For fluorescence spectra, the excitation wavelengths used were DAPI (blue, 330–380 and 420 nm), CY3 (red, 510–560 and 590 nm), and FITC (green, 465–495 and 515–555 nm). Positively stained cells were analyzed using Caseviewer (C.V. 2.4).
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7

Immunofluorescence Analysis of GBC-SD Cells

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GBC-SD cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and then probed with the primary antibodies including anti-caspase 3 (No. AF6311, 1:200, Affinity Biosciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA), anti- E-cadherin (No. 20874-1-AP, 1:300, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), anti-N-cadherin (no. ab18203, 1:200; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), ant-vimentin (no. BM0135, 1:200, BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) overnight at 4°C. Thereafter, cells were then probed with corresponding secondary antibodies (no. BA1031, BA1032, 1:100, BosterBio) for 1 h at 37°C. Subsequently, cells were photographed under a BX35 OLYMPUS fluorescence microscope (objective: 20x). 10 μg/mL of DAPI was used for staining the nuclei in the dark for 30 min at room temperature. This assay was repeated in triplicate. Sections lacking primary antibody were used as the negative control.
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8

Immunocytochemistry of Ki67 Expression

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Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody for the detection of Ki67 (ab16667, Abcam, USA). Cells were then incubated with the secondary antibody (BA1031, BOSTER, China) at 37°C for another 30 minutes. 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Beyotime, China) was added to stain the nucleus. Cells were observed by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan) using a ×20 objective.
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9

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cell Lines

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Cells were xed with 4% formaldehyde and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies antivimentin (ab92547, Abcam, USA), anti-cytokeratin 7 (ab68459, Abcam, USA), anti-FAP (66562, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and anti-tubulin (ab18207, Abcam, USA). Cells were then incubated with the goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (BA1031, BOSTER, China) at 37°C for another 30 min. The nucleus was strained by 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Beyotime, China). Cells were observed by Laser Scanning
Confocal Microscope (Leica, Germany) and results were analyzed by Leica Application Suite X (Leica, Germany).
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