P smad3 s423 and s425

Antibodies against PIM1, p-Smad2 (S467), p-Smad3 (S423 and S425) and p-c-Myc (S62) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail1, Snail2 (Slug), Twist, MMP2, MMP9, Smad2, Smad3, c-Myc, PCNA, Ki67 and GAPDH were purchased from Proteintech Group (Chicago, USA). Wright-Giemsa was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The inhibitors 10058-F4 and SGI-1776 were purchased from MedChem Express (New Jersey, USA). TGF-β was purchased from PeproTech (New Jersey, USA). The Alexa Fluor 488- and 594-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Invitrogen (CA, USA).

Indomethacin, iRGD, and cilengitide were purchased from MCE (Junction, NJ, USA). MG132 and cyclohexamide (CHX) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The ITGAV, fibronectin, ubiquitin, integrin β3 (ITGB3), p‐SMAD2 (S225), SMAD2, p‐SMAD3 (S423 and S425), and SMAD3 antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The p‐FAK (Tyr 925), FAK, PI3K p85α, p‐AKT (Ser 473), AKT, p‐GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, SYVN1, NEDD4, ITCH, MYC, CBL, CBLB, anti‐Flag, and anti‐HA antibodies were obtained from CST (Beverly, MA, USA). The β‐Actin antibody was obtained from ZSGB (Beijing, China). The p‐PI3K p85α (Tyr 467), ITGA2, ITGA3, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGA11, ITGB1, ITGB5, ITGB6, and ITGB8 antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The Ki67 antibody was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Detailed information regarding the antibodies used within this study can be found in the Supplementary data. Plasmids encoding flag‐ITGAV and HA‐ubiquitin were obtained from Addgene (Watertown, MA, USA). Plasmids encoding HA‐SYVN1, MYC‐UB and MYC‐ITGB3 were from YouBio (Hunan, China). Lipofectamine 2000 was obtained from Invitrogen (Shanghai, China).