The resin effectiveness test was designed to assess the feasibility of compound fractionation within the iTIED and determine the adsorption abilities of several resin types. For a successful in situ TIE, the iTIED would have to remove or significantly reduce the concentration of target compounds as the source water passes through the resin chambers.
A 21-L spiked solution was used as the source water. The volume of solution was determined based on the combined flow rates of the 17 iTIED chambers and the length of the experiment (2 h). Cadmium (Alfa Aesar), cupric chloride (Nanjing Chemical Reagent), lead nitrate (Nanjing Chemical Reagent), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), BPA (Aldrich), atrazine (AccuStandard), pyrene (AccuStandard), and ammonium chloride (Sigma) were added to 21 L of Milli-Q water in 2-mg/L concentrations. The iTIED processed this mixture for 2 h.
Resins utilized in the first test were zeolite, NDA-88, NDA-150, TP-207, and activated carbon. There were 3 replicate treatments for each resin, with 5 g of each sorbent in the respective chambers, and 2 replicates for the no-resin positive control chambers. Flow rate was recorded using the outflow from the check valves. Because of variation between the pumps, some voltages were adjusted during the exposure to achieve minimal variation between
A 21-L spiked solution was used as the source water. The volume of solution was determined based on the combined flow rates of the 17 iTIED chambers and the length of the experiment (2 h). Cadmium (Alfa Aesar), cupric chloride (Nanjing Chemical Reagent), lead nitrate (Nanjing Chemical Reagent), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), BPA (Aldrich), atrazine (AccuStandard), pyrene (AccuStandard), and ammonium chloride (Sigma) were added to 21 L of Milli-Q water in 2-mg/L concentrations. The iTIED processed this mixture for 2 h.
Resins utilized in the first test were zeolite, NDA-88, NDA-150, TP-207, and activated carbon. There were 3 replicate treatments for each resin, with 5 g of each sorbent in the respective chambers, and 2 replicates for the no-resin positive control chambers. Flow rate was recorded using the outflow from the check valves. Because of variation between the pumps, some voltages were adjusted during the exposure to achieve minimal variation between