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7 protocols using pureauto s tg n

1

Serum Lipid Measurement Protocol

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Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein of each subject the morning after fasting for at least 8 hours. Serum lipid concentrations were directly measured by an enzymatic method using an automated analyzer (Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), including measurements of total cholesterol (Pureauto S CHO-N; Sekisui Medical, Tokyo, Japan), HDL-C (Cholestest N HDL; Sekisui Medical), and triglycerides (Pureauto S TG-N; Sekisui Medical). Serum LDL-C concentrations (LDL-CD) were directly measured using an enzymatic homogenous assay with Cholestest-LDL (Sekisui Medical). Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol. VLDL-C was calculated using the following subtraction equation: VLDL-C = [non-HDL-C]–[LDL-CD].
LDL-CF was estimated as [non-HDL-C]–[triglycerides / 5] [4 ]. LDL-C180 was calculated as [non-HDL-C]–[triglycerides / AF], where AF is an adjustable factor in the 180-cell table described by Martin et al. [9 (link)]. In addition, two LDL-CN estimates were calculated using strata-specific TG:VLDL-C ratios derived from our data set: LDL-C5 based on 5 strata of triglycerides and LDL-C25 based on 25 strata of triglyceride and non-HDL-C levels.
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2

Standardized Lipid Measurement Protocols

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Serum concentrations of TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were measured using enzymatic methods with an automatic analyzer (Cobas 8000 c702, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). LDL was measured using LDL-cholesterol plus 2nd generation reagent on samples between July 4, 2017, and February 4, 2018, and LDL-cholesterol Gen.3 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) between February 5 and November 30, 2018. TC, TG, and HDL were measured using Cholesterol Gen.2, TRIGL, and HDL-Cholesterol plus 3rd generation, respectively. The accuracy of lipid measurements was assured through the Accuracy Based Lipid Survey proficiency testing program by the College of American Pathologists and by the Lipids Standardization Program by the Centers for Disease Control, USA [25 (link)].
For population 3 (validation cohort 2, KNHANES 2017), serum TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were measured using enzymatic methods with an automatic analyzer Hitachi 7600–210 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using PureautoS CHO-N, Pureauto S TG-N, Cholestest N HDL, and Cholestest LDL reagents (Sekisui Medical, Tokyo, Japan), respectively [24 (link)].
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3

Fasting Lipid and Glucose Biomarkers

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Venous blood samples were taken after a 12-h overnight fast. Fasting plasma glucose was measured using an enzymatic method (GA-1170, Arkray, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HA-8180, Arkray, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Total cholesterol, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured enzymatically using commercially available kits (T-CHO KL for total cholesterol, Sysmex Co., Hyogo, Japan; NEFA-SS for FFA, Eiken Chemical, Tochigi, Japan; Pureauto S TG-N and Cholestest N HDL, respectively, for TG and HDL-C, Sekisui Medical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was obtained by the Friedwald formula [18 (link)]. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) was measured by a latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay using Latex Daiichi (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).
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Fasting Blood Biomarkers Analysis

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Venous blood samples were taken after a 12-h overnight fast. Fasting plasma glucose was measured using an enzymatic method (GA-1170; Arkray, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HA-8180; Arkray, Inc.). Total cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined enzymatically using the commercially available kits T-CHOKL (Sysmex, Co, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan), Pureauto S TG-N, and Cholestest N HDL (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the Friedewald formula (Friedewald, Levy & Fredrickson, 1972 (link)). Free fatty acid concentration (FFA) was measured enzymatically using the NEFA-SS Eiken kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan).
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5

Evaluating Metabolic Biomarkers in Mice

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The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using the Spotchem EZ (Sp-4430, Arkrey USA Inc., MN). The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (T3 and T4, Alpha Diagnostic Intl. Inc., Antonio, TX. MCP-1, R&D System, Inc., Minneapolis, MN). For the measurement of triglyceride (TG) in the liver tissue, a Folch solution (2:1 chloroform: methanol; Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; 4 mL) was added to each liver tissue sample (0.1 g), which was then homogenized. After adding and mixing with 0.5% NaCl (1 mL), the mixture was centrifuged at 180 g at 20 °C for 20 min. The lower layer was obtained and vacuum-dried, and then 1 mL of isopropanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was added to the precipitate. The levels of TG were measured using the Pureauto S TG-N (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). At week 15, mice were fasted 1 day before measuring the levels of fasting blood glucose. The levels of fasting blood glucose were measured with GT-1640 (Arkrey USA Inc.). The plasma levels of insulin were measured with mouse insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Shibayagi Co.,Ltd., Gunma, Japan).
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6

Maternal Metabolic Markers During Pregnancy

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Self‐administered questionnaires were carried out during early and late pregnancy, as described previously20.
The blood of participants was collected around 12 and 32 weeks of gestation. The blood was separated into serum and stored at −80°C in Chiba University Center for Preventive Medical Sciences BioBank before the measurement. The maternal serum levels of glycoalbumin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides during early and late pregnancy were measured using Lucica GA‐L (Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), Cholestest CHO (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and Pureauto S TG–N (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.), respectively, at SRL (SRL, Inc., Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Lipid Profile Measurements in Fasting Samples

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A professional survey team performed the examinations, and nurses measured blood pressure and collected blood samples. Blood pressure was measured with a cuff for children or adults using a mercury sphygmomanometer, called the Baumanometer Wall Unit 33 (W.A. Baum Co., Inc., Copiague, NY, USA). Blood samples were collected after at least 8 hours of fasting. Specimens were sent to the central laboratory on the same day and analyzed within 24 hours. Lipid profile analysis measured levels of serum TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C enzymatically using kits from Pureauto SCHO-N (Sekisui Medical Co., Tokyo, Japan), Cholestest LDL (Sekisui Medical Co.), Pureauto S TG-N (Sekisui Medical Co.), and Cholestest N HDL (Sekisui Medical Co.). Analyses were performed with the Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600-210 (Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan). HDL-C levels were determined by deriving a conversion formula based on the Lipid Standardization Program from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [14 (link)]. LDL-C levels were measured using either the directly collected values when TG ≥200 mg/dL or the values calculated by the Fridewald equation (LDL-C = TC–[HDL-C + (TG/5)]) for cases with TG <200 mg/dL from 2013 to 2014. All the data for 2015 were measured directly.
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