Paraquat

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Paraquat is a laboratory product used as a contact herbicide. It is commonly used in research applications where the controlled use of a fast-acting herbicide is required. The core function of Paraquat is to rapidly kill plants and vegetation upon contact.

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Lab products found in correlation

3 protocols using paraquat

Oxidative Stress and Excitotoxicity Assays

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potassium superoxide (KO₂) (Sigma), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma), 18-crown-6 (Sigma), bilirubin IXα (Frontier Scientific), biliverdin IXα (Sigma), bilirubin ditaurate (Lee Biosciences), hemin (Frontier Scientific), pyrogallol (Sigma), paraquat (Santa Cruz Biotech), menadione (Sigma), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (Sigma), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (Cayman Chemical), methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) (Sigma), rotenone (Sigma), dihydroethidium (DHE) (Thermo Fisher Scientific), MitoSOX Red (Thermo Fisher Scientific), Hoechst 33258 (Abcam), p-nitro blue tetrazolium (Sigma), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) (Cayman Chemical), L-glutathione (Sigma), L-cysteine (Sigma), L-ascorbate (Sigma), (S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (S-AMPA) (Tocris Bioscience), kainic acid (Tocris Bioscience), N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) (Sigma), (+)-MK-801 (Sigma), and glycine (Sigma)

Vasavda C., Kothari R., Malla A.P., Tokhunts R., Lin A., Ji M., Ricco C., Xu R., Saavedra H.G., Sbodio J.I., Snowman A.M., Albacarys L., Hester L., Sedlak T.W., Paul B.D, & Snyder S.H. (2019). Bilirubin links heme metabolism to neuroprotection by scavenging superoxide. Cell chemical biology, 26(10), 1450-1460.e7.

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Glucose, Glycolic Acid, and Lactate Formulation

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Glucose (Merck), glycolic acid (15451, ACROS Organics) neutralized with NaOH to pH = 7.4, and sodium D-lactate (71716, Sigma), glyoxal (128465, Sigma), paraquat (sc-257968, SantaCruz biotechnologies or 36541 Fluka® from Sigma–Aldrich) were used.

Toyoda Y., Erkut C., Pan-Montojo F., Boland S., Stewart M.P., Müller D.J., Wurst W., Hyman A.A, & Kurzchalia T.V. (2014). Products of the Parkinson's disease-related glyoxalase DJ-1, D-lactate and glycolate, support mitochondrial membrane potential and neuronal survival. Biology Open, 3(8), 777-784.

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Enzymatic Assays for Glycolate Metabolism

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Sodium glycolate (G0111, TCI), sodium d-lactate (71716, Sigma), glycine (G7126, Sigma), l-serine (S4500, Sigma), l-glutathione reduced (G4252, Sigma), l-buthionine sulfoximine (B2525, Sigma), hydrogen peroxide (H1009, Sigma), paraquat (sc-257968, SantaCruz biotechnologies or 36541 Fluka^® from Sigma-Aldrich), IPTG (15529019, ThermoFisher) were used. [1-¹⁴C]-glycolate, [1–¹⁴C]-glycine, and l-[1–¹⁴C]-serine were purchased from HARTMANN ANALYTIC (Braunschweig, Germany).

Diez V., Traikov S., Schmeisser K., Adhikari A.K, & Kurzchalia T.V. (2021). Glycolate combats massive oxidative stress by restoring redox potential in Caenorhabditis elegans. Communications Biology, 4, 151.

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