ascending aorta with saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde. The L4-6 lumbar
spinal cords were collected and postfixed in the same fixative overnight. The
spinal cord sections were cut at the thickness of 14-μm in a
cryostat. The tissue sections were blocked with 10% goat serum, and incubated
over night at 4oC with the primary antibodies guinea pig
anti-TRPV1 antibody (1:1000, Neuromics) (Edina, MN, USA). The sections were then
incubated for 1 h at room temperature with Cy3-conjugated secondary
antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch. West Grove, PA, USA). Immunostained tissue
sections were examined under a Zeiss fluorescence microscope AXIO SCOPE A1
(Oberkochen, Germany), and images were analyzed with NIH Image software or Adobe
PhotoShop.