Sodium fluoride

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in India, Morocco, United States

Sodium fluoride is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. Its core function is to provide a source of fluoride ions, which can be utilized in various analytical and experimental procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

17 protocols using sodium fluoride

Synthesis of upconversion nanoparticles

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The curcumin (C₂₁H₂₀O₆) and Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (Mw~30−60 kDa, lactide:glycolide 50:50) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂, SRL, Chennai, India), tetrahydrofuran (C₄H₈O, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, 99.99% purity), ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 99.99% purity), sodium fluoride (NaF, Chennai, India, 99%), yttrium nitrate Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, 99.99%), ytterbium nitrate (Yb(NO₃)₃.6H₂O, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, 99.99%), erbium nitrate (Er(NO₃)₃·5H₂O, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, 99.99%), thulium nitrate (Tm(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, 99.99%), isooctane (SRL, Chennai, India 99.8%), oleic acid (OA, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, 90%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, 95%), 1-butanol (Vetec, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, ≥99.5%), and acetone (Rankem, Mumbai, India, 99%) were used in the synthesis of UCNPs. All chemicals and solvents are in analytical purity.

Lakshmanan A., Akasov R.A., Sholina N.V., Demina P.A., Generalova A.N., Gangadharan A., Sardar D.K., Lankamsetty K.B., Khochenkov D.A., Khaydukov E.V., Gudkov S.V., Jayaraman M, & Jayaraman S. (2021). Nanocurcumin-Loaded UCNPs for Cancer Theranostics: Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Toxicity, and In Vivo Imaging Studies. Nanomaterials, 11(9), 2234.

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Synthesis of Luminescent Nanomaterials

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Anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide Hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) and Poly(ethylene glycol) diacid (PEG diacid, MW=600) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Gadolinium nitrate, yttrium nitrate, europium nitrate, terbium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate, erbium nitrate, thulium nitrate, Na₂-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid monohydrate (MES), and sodium fluoride were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Ethanol (anhydrous, denatured) was obtained from BDH Chemicals Ltd (Poole, Dorset, UK). Deionized (DI) water was obtained from EMD Chemicals Inc. (Gibbstown, NJ). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30, MW 40,000) was obtained from Spectrum Chemicals (Gardena, CA). Commercial ~8 µm Gd₂O₂S:Eu and ~10 µm Gd₂O₂S:Tb X-ray microphosphors (product # UKL63/N-R1 and UKL65/N-R1 respectively), and ~ 4 µm Y₂O₂S:Yb/Tm upconversion microphosphors (PTIR475/F) were purchased from Phosphor Technology (Phosphor Technology Ltd, Stevenage, UK). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Chen H., Wang F., Moore T., Qi B., Sulejmanovic D., Hwu S.J., Mefford O.T., Alexis F, & Anker J.N. (2017). Bright X-ray and up-conversion nanophosphors annealed using encapsulated sintering agents for bioimaging applications. Journal of materials chemistry. B, 5(27), 5412-5424.

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Synthesis of Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials

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The following materials were used without
any further purification: titanium powder (−325 mesh, 99% purity,
Alfa Aesar), aluminum powder (−100 + 325 mesh, 99.5% purity,
Alfa Aesar), titanium carbide powder (−325 mesh, 98% purity,
Sigma-Aldrich), sodium fluoride (99% purity, Alfa Aesar), hydrochloric
acid (37.5% wt. Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethylortho silicate (TEOS, 98%
purity, Alfa Aesar), 1-dodecylamine (DDA, 97% purity, Alfa Aesar), n-octylamine (>98% purity, TCI Chemicals), octylamine
(>98%
purity, TCI Chemicals), sodium hydroxide (97% purity, pellets, Sigma-Aldrich), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, 99.5% purity, Alfa Aesar),
PVDF (99.0% purity, Alfa Aesar), Super P carbon black (99% purity,
Alfa Aesar), NaPF₆ (99% Alfa Aesar), diethyl carbonate
(DEC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) (1:1 w/w%, 99% purity Gotion), aluminum
foil (Tob New Energy).

Maughan P.A., Seymour V.R., Bernardo-Gavito R., Kelly D.J., Shao S., Tantisriyanurak S., Dawson R., Haigh S.J., Young R.J., Tapia-Ruiz N, & Bimbo N. (2020). Porous Silica-Pillared MXenes with Controllable Interlayer Distances for Long-Life Na-Ion Batteries. Langmuir, 36(16), 4370-4382.

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Fluoride-Selective Electrode Protocol

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The fluoride selective electrode, Monokrystaly 09–37 type, made of lanthanum fluoride single crystal (LaF₃), was used as the indicating electrode combined with the AgCl electrode used as the reference one. The citrate buffer was used to maintain the required pH value demanding the linear relationship between the measured signal and log₁₀ of the molar concentration of standard fluoride solutions. The standard fluoride solution of 1000 mg F∙L⁻¹ was prepared by dissolving 2.21 g sodium fluoride (Acros Organics) (dried at 80 °C) in the 1000 mL volumetric flask and making the volume up to mark with ultrapure water from the Milli-Q water system. The experimental solutions of desired concentrations were prepared by diluting the standard solution.

Ryszko U., Rusek P, & Kołodyńska D. (2023). Quality of Phosphate Rocks from Various Deposits Used in Wet Phosphoric Acid and P-Fertilizer Production. Materials, 16(2), 793.

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Cellular Glucose Uptake and ATP Assay

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Phloretin, quercetin, 3-bromopyruvate, cytochalasin B, rabbit polyclonal GLUT1 antibody, oligomycin A, ochratoxin A, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Ampliflu™ Red (10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine), propidium iodide (PI), trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), penicillin–streptomycin for cell culture, glucose oxidase (GOD), and peroxidase (POD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-NBDG was from Invitrogen-Fisher Scientific. Bioluminescent ATP Assay Kit CLSII and peroxide-free Triton X 100 (TX-100) were from Roche. Sodium fluoride and sodium azide were from Acros Organics. To wash the cell cultures, magnesium and calcium containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) was used. Our ATP buffer was made of 0.1 M Tris-base containing 2 mM EDTA-Na₂ and 10 mM Mg₂SO₄ (Lach-Ner, Neratovice, Czech Republic), adjusted to pH 7.75 by glacial acetic acid. For total protein determination, homemade Bradford reagent [55 (link)] was applied. Fetal bovine serum (FBS, Pan-Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, Biosera, Nuaille, France) were used as received. quercetin-32032-sulfate (Q3′S) was synthetized based on earlier communication [56 (link)]. All sterile plasticware was from Greiner. For optical measurements, standard 96-well, white 96-well, and 6-well microplates were used (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany).

Csepregi R., Temesfői V., Sali N., Poór M., W. Needs P., A. Kroon P, & Kőszegi T. (2018). A One-Step Extraction and Luminescence Assay for Quantifying Glucose and ATP Levels in Cultured HepG2 Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2670.

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Synthesis and pH Characterization of Eu3+ and Ce3+ Doped NaGdF4 Nanoparticles

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Nanoparticles
of NaGdF₄-doped with Eu³⁺ and
Ce³⁺ were synthesized by the citrate method.^{28 (link)} A transparent aqueous solution containing 4
mL of 0.2 M lanthanide chlorides (Sigma Aldrich, MO) and 8 mL of 0.2
M sodium citrate (Sigma Aldrich, MO) was heated to 90 °C. Sodium
fluoride (16 mL of 1 M) (Fischer Scientific, PA) solution was added
to the solution, upon which the solution turned whitish. The nanoparticles
were heated for 2 h. The nanoparticles were centrifuged and washed
twice before further measurements were carried out. As-synthesized
particles were heated in a Teflon-lined autoclave (Cole-Parmer, IL)
at 210 °C for 1 h to obtain hexagonal phase of the nanoparticles.
The pH studies were carried out by suspending 6 mg, 2.5 mg, and 2
mg of the nanoparticles obtained from three different batches in 1
mL of phosphate buffer silane with pH values ranging from 2.5 to 7.2.
pH buffers below 7.4 were prepared by adding small amounts of 10 mM
solution of HCl was used and the pH monitored by ORION 5 STAR (Thermo
Scientific, MA) pH meter.

Sudheendra L., Das G.K., Li C., Stark D., Cena J., Cherry S, & Kennedy I.M. (2014). NaGdF4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles for Enhanced X-ray Excited Optical Imaging. Chemistry of Materials, 26(5), 1881-1888.

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Nanodisc Membrane Protein Characterization

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Lyophilized MSP1D1 (MSP-1) and MSP1D1ΔH5 (MSP-2) were purchased from Cube Biotech, Inc., while lyophilized MSP1E3D1 (MSP-3) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. MSP-1, MSP-2, and MSP-3 had chain lengths of 217 amino acids (25.3 kDa), 184 amino acids (21.5 kDa), and 277 amino acids (32.6 kDa), respectively. All MSPs were purchased with histidine tags attached to their N-termini. Tetramethyl Orthosilicate (TMOS) (≤ 99%), Acrylamide (≥ 99%), Sodium Chloride (≥ 99%), Sodium Cholate (≥ 99%), Imidazole (≥ 99%), N-Acetyl-L-tryptophanamide, 5-DOXYL-stearic acid free radical (5-DOXYL), and 16-DOXYL-stearic acid free radical (16-DOXYL) were also purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) was purchased in chloroform from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris, MB Grade) was purchased from USB Corporation, while Hydrochloric Acid (12.1 M), Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Heptahydrate, and Sodium Fluoride were purchased from Fischer Scientific, Inc. Ni-NTA agarose used for NLP purification was purchased from 5 PRIME, Inc. All of the water used for these experiments was purified in a Barnstead Nanopure System (Barnstead Thermolyne, Dubuque, IA) and had a resistivity of 17.9 MΩ•cm or greater.

Zeno W.F., Hilt S., Risbud S.H., Voss J.C, & Longo M.L. (2015). Spectroscopic Characterization of Structural Changes in Membrane Scaffold Proteins Entrapped within Mesoporous Silica Gel Monoliths. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 7(16), 8640-8649.

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Biochemical Analysis of Activated Eosinophils

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BM-Eos were isolated from 8–10-week-old female and male mice (B6J), differentiated and purified by flow cytometry. Cells were conditioned with colon CM (1:10) or rec-IL-33 (20 ng ml⁻¹ PeproTech) for 45 min, then lysed in RIPA buffer (R0278 Sigma) supplemented with 2 mM sodium orthovanadate (J60191.AE Thermo Fisher Scientific), 15 mM sodium pyrophosphate (J62052.AK Thermo Fisher Scientific), 10 mM sodium fluoride (447351000 Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 1× complete protease inhibitor cocktail (11836153001 Roche). Protein concentrations were determined by BCA assay (23227 Pierce), and equal amounts were separated by SDS–PAGE using 10% acrylamide gels followed by transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes (88018 Thermo Fisher Scientific). Membranes were probed with antibodies against vinculin (42H89L44, 700062 Thermo Fisher Scientific), phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182, MA5-15218 Thermo Fisher Scientific) and phospho-p65 (Ser536, 93H1, 3033 Cell Signalling Technology).

Gurtner A., Borrelli C., Gonzalez-Perez I., Bach K., Acar I.E., Núñez N.G., Crepaz D., Handler K., Vu V.P., Lafzi A., Stirm K., Raju D., Gschwend J., Basler K., Schneider C., Slack E., Valenta T., Becher B., Krebs P., Moor A.E, & Arnold I.C. (2022). Active eosinophils regulate host defence and immune responses in colitis. Nature, 615(7950), 151-157.

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Protein Extraction from Frozen Tissue

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Tissues were ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle and were kept frozen during preparation using liquid nitrogen. Frozen powder was weighed to the desired amount and was chemically lysed with Pathscan (25 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA, 1% Triton X) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), sodium orthovanadate (1:100; Abcam, Danvers, MA, USA), and sodium fluoride (40 uL/mL; Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The tissues were further disrupted using the Tissue Lyser (Qiagen, Redwood City, CA, USA) for 2 min at 20 Hz. Samples were then centrifuged for 10 min at 16,000× g, and the supernatant was stored at −80 °C. To quantify the amount of protein in each sample, the BCA protein assay (PierceTM, Waltham, MA, USA) was used. Following manufacturers protocol, the samples absorbances were compared to BSA standards to determine the concentration. Protein samples were stored at −80 °C for biochemical assays.

Nemec-Bakk A.S., Niccoli S., Davidson C., Roy D., Stoa L., Sreetharan S., Simard A., Boreham D.R., Wilson J.Y., Tai T.C., Lees S.J, & Khaper N. (2021). Lasting Effects of Low to Non-Lethal Radiation Exposure during Late Gestation on Offspring’s Cardiac Metabolism and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants, 10(5), 816.

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Western Blot Analysis of Cell Lysates

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Western blot was performed on whole-cell lysates lysed with 1x lysis buffer (Phosphosolutions), NuPage (Invitrogen), a protease inhibitor (Bimake), 10 mM sodium fluoride and 20 mM beta-glycerophosphate (Fisher scientific). An equal number of cells was plated for each condition, and the cells were harvested after 3 hours of incubation. The lysates were separated by electrophoresis using a standard lab technique and transferred using the dry transfer iBlot2 (Invitrogen). All primary antibodies (Cell Signaling or Proteintech for GAPDH) were used at 1:1000 dilution and incubated overnight at 4° C. All secondary horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibodies (Cell signaling rabbit and Proteintech mouse) were used at 1:10,000 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. Signal development was performed using the ECL Select detection system (Amersham) and acquired on the G-box automated dark room (Syngene). PageRuler prestained protein ladder was used (Thermofisher).

Falcon C., Smith L., Al-Obaidi M., Abu Zaanona M., Purvis K., Minagawa K., Athar M., Salzman D., Bhatia R., Goldman F, & Di Stasi A. (2022). Combinatorial suicide gene strategies for the safety of cell therapies. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 975233.

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