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4 protocols using deuterated methanol

1

Steroid Synthesis and Characterization

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All chemicals, reagents, and solvents used
in this synthesis were of reagent grade or better and were inspected
and released for use based on the manufacturer’s Certificates
of Analysis. Prednisolone was from Steraloids, deuterium gas was from
Cambridge Isotopes, Wilkinson’s catalyst was from Combi-Chem,
sodium borohydride was from Oakwood, t-butanol was
from Alfa Aesar, anhydrous dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, methanol,
and deuterated methanol were from Acros, and all remaining chemicals
and solvents were from Sigma-Aldrich. HPLC analyses used HPLC-grade
acetonitrile (Fisher), HPLC-grade ammonium acetate (Fisher), and deionized
water. For high-resolution LC–MS, water and acetonitrile were
from Fisher (Optima LC/MS grade); ammonium acetate was from Fluka
(LC–MS ultra grade).
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2

Chitosan Conjugation with Linoleic Acid

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Chitosan ChitoClear® 43000—hqg10 from Primex ehf Iceland Company (deacetylation degree ~83%, determined by the 1H NMR); linoleic acid (LA) (≥99%) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino–propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N–hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), acetic acid conc. (AA), hydrochloric acid conc. (HCl), formic acid conc. (FA) and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., Ltd. and used without further purification; anhydrous sodium acetate, deuterated formic acid, deuterated methanol, deuterated water, were purchased from Acros Organics. Pyridine (Py) and chloroform (CHCl3) were purchased from POCh, Poland.
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3

Comprehensive Analysis of Hemolytic Compound

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Mass spectrometry analysis of the hemolytic compound was performed with a JMN-T100LP electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to detect carbon and calcium was performed on a silicon wafer using an EPMA-1610 electron probe microanalyzer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Samples were dissolved in 0.1-0.2 mL of ethanol and subjected to the analyses.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was analyzed using a 500 MHz Avance III HD NMR Spectrometer (Bruker, Bremen, Germany) at 300 K. Spectra were obtained from 6 mg of the purified hemolytic compound in 5-mm tubes (Kusanokagaku, Tokyo, Japan). The sample was dissolved in 0.45 mL of deuterated methanol (99.8%, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) containing tetramethylsilane (δH = 0.00) as an internal reference. Data from one-dimensional (proton, carbon, DEPT135; distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer) and two-dimensional homonuclear (correlation spectroscopy (COSY); nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY)) and H-detected heteronuclear (heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC); heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC)) experiments were recorded and processed using the software TopSpin 3.5 pl 5 (Bruker).
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4

Cytochrome c, RNase A, and Lysozyme Assays

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Materials fac,anti-[Ru(CO) 3 Cl 2 ] 2 , 1, CORM-2 (Scheme 2a) (Strem Chemicals, Newburyport, MA, USA), N-methylbenzimidazole (MBI, Sigma-Aldrich), 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI, Sigma-Aldrich), methanol (CH 3 OH, J. T. Baker), chloroform (CHCl 3 , J. T. Baker), deuterated methanol (99.8% D, CD 3 OD, Acros Organics), and deuterated chloroform (99.8% D, CDCl 3 , Acros Organics) were used as purchased without any further treatment. Horse heart cytochrome c (Cyt c, C7752), bovine pancreatic ribonuclease type XII-A (RNase A, 055 K7695), chicken hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL, L7651) as well as all the chemicals for the various buffer solutions were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All the chemicals and proteins were used as received without further purification, and the solutions were prepared with deionized water produced by a Millipore system.
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