Avanti j e series

The hydrodynamic size and optical properties were measured in Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) and Cary 300 UV-Vis (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA), respectively. The photothermal effect was induced with an 808-nm CW laser (CNI laser, Changchun, China). A confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica TCS SP8, Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and a microplate reader (VERSAmaxTM, Molecular Devices Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) were used to observe the in vitro cell imaging test. The fluorescence recovery by enzymatic probe cleavage was observed by using the iBrightTM Imaging System (Invitrogen by Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). The fluorescence and temperature were measured in IVIS Lumina (Caliper LifeSciences, Waltham, MA, USA) and an infrared thermal imaging camera (FLIR, Wilsonville, OR, USA), respectively. The centrifuge was performed using Avanti J-E Series (Beckman Coulter, IN, USA).