Bnc 2090

All studies were carried out under physiological conditions (PBSx1 solution at 37°C). FET device was continuously heated, while temperature control was carried out by using the PWM outputs to drive a heater cartridge using PID control loop, while the temperature is sensed by a thermistor unit and read by ADC [3 (link)]. The sensor device was integrated with a custom-made PDMS microfluidic channel and wire bonded to the outside pads for the electrical measurements. The electrical stability of the devices was measured by application of AC bias (70-300Hz, 100 mV) by means of a lock-in amplifier (Stanford Research System model SR830 DSP). The drain current was amplified with a variable-gain amplifier (model 99539 Amplifier System) and filtered by the lock-in amplifier with a time-constant setting of 300 ms. The output data were recorded by using a multichannel I/O adaptor panel (BNC-2090, National Instrument). Stability studies were carried out by monitoring the IV (−0.5 V to 0.5 V) of the devices over time, while PBS × 1 working solution was delivered to the sensing device by the microfluidic system using a syringe pump at a flow rate of 2 μl/min.

Electrophysiogical recordings were done as described before^{28 ,29 (link)}. In brief, slices were placed in a recording chamber continuously superfused with ACSF at RT at a rate of 2.5 ml/min. fEPSPs were evoked by electrical stimulation with patch pipettes filled with ACSF. fEPSPs were recorded with a low-resistance patch-pipette filled with ACSF. Recordings were performed with a MultiClamp 700B amplifier. Signals were filtered at 2 kHz and digitized (BNC-2090; National Instruments Germany GmbH) at 10–20 kHz. IGOR Pro software was used for signal acquisition (WaveMetrics, Inc.).
For Mossy fiber recordings, stimulation electrodes were placed in the granule cell layer or in the hilus region. Mossy fiber origin of recorded signals was verified by frequency facilitation and a reduction of 80% of the responses upon DCGIV (1 µM; Tocris) application at the end of each experiment. fEPSPs in area CA1 were recorded in stratum radiatum after stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. fEPSP magnitude was determined by analyzing ± 2 ms of the amplitude peak. Data were analyzed with the Igor plug-in NeuroMatic (neuromatic.thinkrandom.com) software. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism 6 (GraphPad Software).

Two-photon calcium imaging was performed on a modified upright microscope (Axio Examiner, Zeiss), exciting the specimens with a Ti:Sapphire laser (Chameleon Vision, Coherent) tuned to 920 nm (power at the back aperture ~25 mW). We imaged with a ×20 water-immersion objective (W Plan-Apochromat ×20/1.0 DIC, Zeiss). Data acquisition was controlled by Slidebook (version 6, 3i). Single-plane images were taken at ~10 Hz with a spatial resolution of approximately 285 × 142 pixels (100 × 50 μm, pixel size ≅ 0.35 μm, dwell time ≅ 2.5 μs). GCaMP responses were recorded from the presynaptic terminals of T3 neurons. For each preparation, we identified the most caudal presynaptic terminals and then shifted the region of interest (ROI) downward ~30 μm. Images and external stimulations were synchronized a posteriori using frame capture markers (TTL pulses output from Slidebook) and stimulus events (analog outputs from the LED display controller) sampled with a data acquisition device (DAQ) (PXI-6259, NI) at 10 kHz. The DAQ interfaced with MATLAB (R2020a, MathWorks) via rack-mount terminal block (BNC-2090, NI).

In this study, we also collected the same dataset as dataset 1 to validate the result obtained from the Khushaba website [64 ]; here, Delsys DE 2.x series EMG sensors from Bagnoli Desktop EMG Systems were used for data acquisition. In this dataset, there were eight subjects, including six males and two females aged 20 to 35 years. Each subject performed five individual movements (T, I, M, R, and L) and five combined finger movements (TI, TM, TR, TL, and HC) as shown in Figure 5(b) providing six trials for each movement where each trial was five seconds long in duration. The EMG signal was sampled at 4000 Hz and digitalized with a 12 bit resolution using a National Instruments BNC-2090. In this dataset, the signal was in raw condition with the significant frequency spectrum of 20 Hz to 500 Hz (Figure 6).

Single channel currents were recorded in the cell-attached patch configuration with a membrane potential of −70 mV for analysis of open and closed dwell times and −120 mV for analysis of open channel current fluctuations. Patch pipettes were fabricated from type 8250 glass (King Precision Glass), coated with Sylgard 184 (Dow Corning), and heat polished to yield resistances of 5–8 megaohms. Extracellular solutions contained (mM) 142 KCl, 5.4 NaCl, 1.7 MgCl₂, 1.8 CaCl₂, and 10 HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH. For recordings used for kinetic analysis, pipettes were filled with the same solution without CaCl₂. For recordings of open channel current fluctuations, pipettes were filled with (mM) 80 KF, 20 KCl, 40 K-aspartate, 2 MgCl₂, 1 EGTA, and 10 HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.4 with KOH. Concentrated stock solutions of ACh were stored at −80°C until diluted for use on the day of each experiment.
Single channel currents were recorded using an Axopatch 200B patch clamp amplifier with the gain set to 100 mv/pA and the internal Bessel filter at 10 kHz. Continuous stretches of channel openings were recorded at a sample interval of 2 μs using a National Instruments model BNC-2090 A/D converter with a PCI6111e acquisition card and recorded onto the hard drive of a PC computer using the program Acquire (Bruxton Corporation).