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15 protocols using rna assay kit

1

Tissue Sample Preparation for Mutational Analysis

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We selected representative native tumor samples and paraffin embedded tissue for mutational analysis and confirmed vital tumor content microscopically in each case. DNA was extracted using the DNeasy tissue kit and the QIAamp DNA micro kit purchased from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). Pooled DNA obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy persons were extracted with the Blood DNA kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and served as wild type controls. RNA from snap frozen tissue was isolated with the RNeasy extraction kit (Qiagen) followed by subsequent digestion with RNase-free DNase I and purification via RNeasy columns (Qiagen).
DNA and RNA concentration was determined using the Qubit® dsDNA HS Assay Kit or RNA Assay Kit (Life Technologies, Eugene, USA).
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2

RNA-Seq Analysis of HFHSD Pig Model

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RNA isolation, library construction, and sequencing were performed by Novogene Corporation. RNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and was quantified using a Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). The quality and quantity of RNA were assessed using an RNA Assay Kit and a fluorometer (Life Technologies, CA, USA). RNA was frozen and stored at −80 °C immediately after production.
A total quantity of 3 μg RNA per sample was used as the input material for the RNA sample preparations from three HFHSD pigs (number as 120, 138, 146) and three control pigs (number as 157, 159, 161). First, ribosomal RNA was removed using an rRNA Removal Kit (Epicentre, WI, USA), and the rRNA-depleted sample was cleaned. Subsequently, sequencing libraries were generated. To select cDNA fragments between 150–200 bp in length, the library fragments were purified with an appropriate system (Beckman Coulter, Beverly, USA). Subsequently, USER enzyme was incubated with the size-selected, adaptor-ligated cDNA samples. PCR was performed using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase, Universal PCR primers, and an Index Primer. Finally, the products were purified and library quality was assessed. After cluster generation, the libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform, and 100-bp paired-end reads were generated.
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3

Total RNA Extraction and Characterization

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The total RNA was extracted by grinding the cells in TRIzol reagent (TaKaRa, Japan) in liquid nitrogen, isolated with chloroform, and precipitated with isopropanol, and then the sediment was washed with 75% alcohol and dissolved in RNA-free distilled water. RNA degradation was detected on 1% agarose gels, and the purity was checked using a Nanodrop 2000C spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the concentration of RNA was measured using an RNA Assay Kit in Qubit (Life Technologies, CA, USA). The RNA integrity was assessed using an RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit with the Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA).
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4

RNA Quantification and Characterization

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Subsequently, RNA yields were measured using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, Germany) in combination with the RNA Assay Kit (Life Technologies, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The maximum volume of sample input was used (20 µl), standards were freshly prepared and the Qubit was equilibrated after the manufacturer's instructions. A Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent Technologies, Germany) run using the Small RNA Kit (Agilent Technologies, Germany) was performed afterwards for the analysis and quantification of RNA eluates resolving small RNAs in the range from 6 to 150 nts length. The extracted RNA was stored at −80°C until further analysis.
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5

Transcriptome Analysis of Cotton Diploids

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G. arboreum and G. herbaceum were used for the transcriptome sequencing. The RNA-Seq libraries were prepared by a previously described method (Wang et al., 2018 (link)), and a 1% agarose gel was used to check for contamination and degradation of RNA. First, the purity of RNA was analyzed using a Nano Photometer® spectrophotometer (IMPLEN, CA, United States). Next, estimating RNA concentration was performed using a Qubit® RNA Assay Kit and a Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, CA, United States). Finally, RNA integrity was checked using an Agilent Nano 6000 assay kit (Santa Clara, California, United States). Reads counting features (genes, in this case) were performed using HTSeq v0.6.125. Gene lengths and read counts mapped to genes were used to calculate FPKM values (Mortazavi et al., 2008 (link)). The original data was uploaded to NCBI (PRJNA833579).
The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diploid and tetraploid were identified with the DESeq R package (Andino et al., 2016 (link)), and Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant (Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995 (link); Anders and Huber, 2010 (link)).
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6

Transcriptome Analysis of Sea Bass Intestines

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Intestines were obtained from the sea bass in the two Groups 24 h after infection. Total RNA of the two groups was extracted using the TRIzol method. RNA degradation and contamination were monitored on 1% agarose gels. RNA concentration was measured using a Qubit® RNA Assay Kit in a Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, CA, United States). A total amount of 1 μg RNA per sample was used as input material for the RNA sample preparations. Sequencing libraries were generated using the NEBNext® UltraTM RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® (NEB, United States) following the manufacturer’s recommendations, and index codes were added to attribute sequences to each sample. The clustering of the index-coded samples was performed on a cBot Cluster Generation System using TruSeq PE Cluster Kit v3-cBot-HS (Illumina) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After cluster generation, the library preparations were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq platform, and 125 bp/150 bp paired-end reads were generated. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was completed by Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
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7

RNA-seq of Silk Moth Development

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RNA-seq was achieved for four samples representing four stages of S. montelus (egg, larva, pupa, and adult; Figure 1) to assist in the gene predictions in the genome annotation step. Total RNA from each sample was collected using an RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany). The RNA purity was checked using a NanoDrop One/OneC spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA degradation and contamination were monitored using 1% agarose gels. The RNA concentration was measured using a Qubit RNA Assay Kit of a Qubit 3.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, CA, USA). The RNA integrity was assessed using an RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit of a Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). The RNA quality for the RNA samples with an integrity value more than 8.0 was used for constructing the cDNA library. The paired-end library was prepared using an Illumina TruSeq Sample Preparation Kit and sequenced on a NovaSeq6000 platform (Illumina). The raw data were filtered by removing reads containing adapters, Ns, and low-quality reads using fastp v0.20.0 (Chen et al., 2018 (link)).
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8

Total RNA Isolation from Tissues

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Total RNA was isolated from the breast muscle and liver tissues using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The degradation and contamination of the RNA were monitored on 1% agarose gels. The RNA integrity was assessed using the RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit of the Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The concentration of the total RNA was measured using a Qubit® RNA Assay Kit in Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and the purity was checked using the NanoPhotometer® spectrophotometer (IMPLEN, Westlake Village, CA, USA).
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9

RNA Extraction and Purification for Cells

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Total RNAs were extracted from cells with liquid nitrogen by using RNAiso Plus reagent (TaKaRa Bio, Inc., Japan) and puri ed using a QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Chatsworth, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA degradation and contamination were monitored on 1.5% agarose gels.
The purity and concentration of the RNAs were measured using NanoPhotometer® spectrophotometer (IMPLEN, Los Angeles, CA, USA) and a Qubit RNA Assay Kit in a Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. All RNA samples were stored at -80℃ until further use.
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10

Formulation of Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery

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After diluting the purified mRNA in citrate buffer (pH 4.0) to the desired concentration, the lipids ionizable lipid (Dlin-MC3-DMA), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), cholesterol, and PEG-lipid (PEG2000-DMG) were dissolved in ethanol at a molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5, and the water and lipid phases were mixed at a volumetric ratio of 3:1 with a microfluidics mixer (NanoAssemblr, Canada) to formulate lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The LNPs were dialyzed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) to remove ethanol for 24 h and concentrated to a desired concentration using centrifugal filters (Merck, Ireland). Finally, the LNPs were passed through a 0.22-μm filter and stored at 4 °C until use. The particle size and zeta potential of the LNPs were measured by a Malvern instrument (Malvern, England), and their encapsulation efficiency was determined by an RNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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