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Lead 2 iodide

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Lead (II) iodide is a chemical compound with the formula PbI2. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Lead (II) iodide is used in various applications, including photographic materials, X-ray detection, and some specialized electronics.

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Lab products found in correlation

Chlorobenzene, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Oleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Oleylamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 4 tert butylpyridine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Methylammonium iodide, by Greatcell Solar (2 mentions) 2 propanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Formamidinium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Octane, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cesium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 1 octadecene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Tin 4 oxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Bathocuproine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Formamidinium iodide, by Greatcell Solar (2 mentions) Methylamine solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Lead iodide (19 citations) Lead(II) iodide (PbI2) (8 citations)

14 protocols using lead 2 iodide

1

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.99% trace metals basis, TCI), lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.999%, Alfa Aesar), formamidinium iodide (FAI, 99.99%, GreatCell Solar), methylammonium iodide (MAI, 99.99%, GreatCell Solar), benzylhydrazine hydrochloride (BHC, 95%, AmBeed), 4-fluoro-phenethylammonium iodide (4-F-PEAI, >99%, GreatCell Solar), L-α-phosphatidylcholine (LP, ≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 5%v/v MAH2PO2 (MAHP, synthesized in our lab), dodecylammonium iodide (N-DDAI, GreatCell Solar), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), ZnX2 (99.99% and ≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich), zinc formate (98%, Alfa Aesar), zinc acetate (99.99%, Sigma Aldrich), zinc trifluoroacetate (Sigma Aldrich), zinc trifluoromethane sulfinate (95%, Sigma Aldrich), zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate (98%, Sigma Aldrich), choline chloride (CC, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, Clevios™ P VP AI 4083, Heraeus), poly(triarylamine) [PTAA, average Mn = 7000 to 10,000, Sigma-Aldrich], toluene (TL, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), C60 (Nano-C Inc), bathocuproine (BCP, 96%, Sigma-Aldrich), and Cu (99.99%, Kurt J Lesker) were purchased and used as received.
Uddin M.A., Rana P.J., Ni Z., Yang G., Li M., Wang M., Gu H., Zhang H., Dou B.D, & Huang J. (2024). Iodide manipulation using zinc additives for efficient perovskite solar minimodules. Nature Communications, 15, 1355.
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2

Organic Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Toluene (99.7%), nickel(II)
nitrate hexahydrate (>98.5%) (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O), copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (99–104%) (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O), 2-methoxyethanol anhydrous
(99.8%), acetylacetone (≥99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.7%),γ-butyrolactone
(≥99%), chlorobenzene anhydrous (99.8%), and 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,
3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine (98%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Methylammonium iodide (≥99%) was purchased
from GreatCell Solar. Lead(II) iodide (99.999%) and bathocuproin (98%)
were purchased from Alfa Aeser. Phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester
(99%) was purchased from Solenne BV. Cu pellets were purchased from
Kurt J. Lesker. Ultrapure water was produced by a milli-Q Academic
system, Millipore (Burlington, MA). All solutions were prepared with
analytical grade chemicals and ultrapure milli-Q water with a conductivity
of 18.2 μS/cm. ITO-patterned glass substrates (sheet resistance
4 Ω/sq) were purchased from Psiotec Ltd.
Galatopoulos F., Bitton S., Tziampou M., Tessler N, & Choulis S.A. (2023). Optimized Doping of Diffusion Blocking Layers and Their Impact on the Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 5(10), 5580-5587.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Halide Perovskites

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Phenylethylamine bromide (PEABr, 99.9%), phenylethylamine iodide (PEAI, 99.9%), and n-Butylamine hydrobromide (BABr, 99.9%) were all purchased from Advanced Election Technology Co., Ltd. Lead bromide (PbBr2, 99.998%) and lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.999%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Hydrobromic acid (HBr, 40% wt/wt aq. sol.), N, N-Dimethylformamide (≥99.5%), acetone (≥99.5%), ethanol (75%), and isopropanol (≥99.7%) were all purchased from Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd. All the above reagents were used as received.
Jin T., Liu Z., Luo J., Yuan J.H., Wang H., Xie Z., Pan W., Wu H., Xue K.H., Liu L., Hu Z., Zheng Z., Tang J, & Niu G. (2023). Self-wavelength shifting in two-dimensional perovskite for sensitive and fast gamma-ray detection. Nature Communications, 14, 2808.
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4

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.9985%), potassium iodide (KI, 99.995%), and potassium chloride (KCl, 99.997%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformide (DMF, 99.8%), 2-propanol (IPA, 99.5%), and chlorobenzene (CB, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Potassium bromide (KBr, IR spectroscopic) was purchased from Honeywell (Morristown, NJ, USA). Ultra-pure wa ter (Resistivity > 18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C, Baker Analyzed LC/MS Reagent) was purchased from J.T. Baker (Radnor, PA, USA). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), methylammonium iodide (MAI, >98%), bathocuproine (BCP, >99.5%), and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM, >99.5%) were purchased from Uni-onward (New Taipei City, Taiwan). All materials were used as received.
Wu H.T., Cheng Y.T., Leu C.C., Wu S.H, & Shih C.F. (2019). Improving Two-Step Prepared CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Co-Doping Potassium Halide and Water in PbI2 Layer. Nanomaterials, 9(5), 666.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Quantum Dots

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All chemicals used are commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich (or otherwise specified) and were used without any additional purification steps: lead (II) oxide (99.99%, from Alfa Aesar), cadmium chloride (99.99%), bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide (synthesis grade) oleic acid (tech. 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, ≥95%), oleylamine (≥98%), dimethylformamide (DMF, 99%), octane (anhydrous, >99%), butylamine (BA, 99.5%), lead (II) iodide (from Alfa Aesar, 99.999%, ultra dry), methylammonium iodide (MAI, from Dyesol Inc., 99.9%), thioglycerol (TG, 99%), 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT, 99%) toluene anhydrous, methanol anhydrous, acetone, distilled in glass (Caledon).
Yang Z., Fan J.Z., Proppe A.H., Arquer F.P., Rossouw D., Voznyy O., Lan X., Liu M., Walters G., Quintero-Bermudez R., Sun B., Hoogland S., Botton G.A., Kelley S.O, & Sargent E.H. (2017). Mixed-quantum-dot solar cells. Nature Communications, 8, 1325.
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6

Perovskite Materials Synthesis and Characterization

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Formamidinium iodide (CH(NH2)2, FAI) was purchased from Dyesol. Lead (II) iodide (PbI2; 99.9985%) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)−9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD; ≥99.5%) was purchased from Lumtec. Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3; 99.9%), oleylamine (OAm; technical grade, 70%), oleic acid (OA; technical grade, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE; technical grade, 90%), octane (anhydrous, ≥99%), hexane (reagent grade, ≥95%), methyl acetate (MeOAc; anhydrous, 99.5%), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2; 99.999%), ethyl acetate (EtOAc; anhydrous, 99.8%), formamidinium acetate (FA-acetate, 99%), titanium ethoxide (≥97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl; 37% in water), chlorobenzene (anhydrous, 99.8%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-TBP; 96%), toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise specified.
Zhao Q., Hazarika A., Chen X., Harvey S.P., Larson B.W., Teeter G.R., Liu J., Song T., Xiao C., Shaw L., Zhang M., Li G., Beard M.C, & Luther J.M. (2019). High efficiency perovskite quantum dot solar cells with charge separating heterostructure. Nature Communications, 10, 2842.
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7

Synthesis of Methylammonium Iodide

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Methylamine solution (CH3NH2, 40 wt.% in H2O), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and γ-Butyrolactone (GBL, ≥99%) were purchased from Aldrich. Hydriodic acid (HI, 57 wt.% in H2O) and lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.9985% metal basis) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ethyl ether (anhydrous) and acetone were obtained from Fisher Chemical. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Equimolar of HI was dropwise added to CH3NH2 with stirring in a 50 mL round bottom flask immersed in ice bath, followed by rotary evaporation at 60 °C to dry off the solvent. Next, the white solid was obtained and washed with excessive ethyl ether on a filter paper, accompanied with vacuum filtration. The washed CH3NH3I powder was then dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C overnight to yield the final product.
Guo P., Mannodi-Kanakkithodi A., Gong J., Xia Y., Stoumpos C.C., Cao D.H., Diroll B.T., Ketterson J.B., Wiederrecht G.P., Xu T., Chan M.K., Kanatzidis M.G, & Schaller R.D. (2019). Infrared-pump electronic-probe of methylammonium lead iodide reveals electronically decoupled organic and inorganic sublattices. Nature Communications, 10, 482.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite

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Chemicals. A methylamine solution (33 wt. %) in absolute ethanol, hydriodic acid (57 wt. %) in water (99.99% trace metals basis), and anhydrous diethyl ether were received from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead(II) iodide (99.9985%) and anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Absolute ethanol was supplied by Merck. All chemicals were used as received.
MAI (CH3NH3I) was synthesized by a simple neutralization reaction between methylamine and hydriodic acid. Into 100 ml absolute ethanol, 35 ml of a methylamine solution (33 wt. %) and 20 ml hydroiodic acid (57 wt. %) were added. The mixture was vigorously stirred and cooled to room temperature °C by a water bath. After 30 min the solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator and a brown crystalline powder was collected. The powder was washed with 100 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether, stirred together with the powder for 30 min. After decanting the solvent, the washing step was repeated. For final purification, the powder was refluxed with 100 ml of ethyl ether for 2 h. The dispersion was then cooled to -18°C and vacuum filtered through a Schott funnel. The final white powder was dried under vacuum for 24 h and stored under a nitrogen atmosphere. MAPbI3 was prepared inside a glove box by mixing MAI and PbI2 in a 1:1 molar ratio in anhydrous DMF.
Yakunin S., Sytnyk M., Kriegner D., Shrestha S., Richter M., Matt G.J., Azimi H., Brabec C.J., Stangl J., Kovalenko M.V, & Heiss W. (2015). Detection of X-ray photons by solution-processed organic-inorganic perovskites. Nature photonics, 9(7), 444-449.
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9

Synthesis of Perovskite Materials

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Lead (II) bromide (PbBr2, 99.99%), Lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.99%), and Iron (III) chloride anhydrous (FeCl3, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (Co(C5H7O2)2, 99%), Octadecene (ODE, 90%), and titanium chloride (TiCl4, 99.9%) were obtained from AcrosOrganics. Oleylamine (OAm, 70%), Oleic acid (OAc, 90%), Methylammonium bromide (MABr), Formamidinium Iodide (FAI), Ni‐(NO3)2·6H2O (98%), C2H2O4·2H2O (99.5%), NaOH (96%), Dimethylformanmide (DMF, extra dry, 99%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, extra dry, 99%), 1, 2‐diChlorobenzene (DCB, extra dry, > 98%), Chlorobenzene (CB, extra dry, 99.8%), Isopropanol (extra dry, 99.8%), and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich.
Hu X., Liu C., Zhang Z., Jiang X., Garcia J., Sheehan C., Shui L., Priya S., Zhou G., Zhang S, & Wang K. (2020). 22% Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Using Cation‐Doped Brookite TiO2 Top Buffer. Advanced Science, 7(16), 2001285.
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10

Flexible Solar Cells Materials Preparation

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Materials for the preparation of flexible solar cells, lead(II) iodide (99.9985%) and tin(IV) oxide (15 wt% in H2O colloidal dispersion) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. MAI (99.99%), FAI (99.99%) and n-hexyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) were purchased from Greatcell Solar Materials. Commercially available TCE substrates with a sheet resistance of 8 Ω sq−1 (OPV8) were sourced from MekoPrint. Hole-transport materials poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c]-[1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, Lisicon SP001) and 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)−9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD) were purchased from 1-Materials, Merck and Luminescence Technology Corp. (Lumtec), respectively. FK209 was purchased from Lumtec. Silver paste (PV416) was purchased from DuPont. All other chemicals, including 4-tert-butylpyridine (t-BP), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiNTf2), dichlorobenzene (99%), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8%), and anhydrous 2-propanol (99.5%), and acetonitrile were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.
Weerasinghe H.C., Macadam N., Kim J.E., Sutherland L.J., Angmo D., Ng L.W., Scully A.D., Glenn F., Chantler R., Chang N.L., Dehghanimadvar M., Shi L., Ho-Baillie A.W., Egan R., Chesman A.S., Gao M., Jasieniak J.J., Hasan T, & Vak D. (2024). The first demonstration of entirely roll-to-roll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions. Nature Communications, 15, 1656.
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