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5 protocols using anti tlr4

1

Quantitative Analysis of NF-κB, TLR-4, and RIP2 in L-NAT Treated Cells

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After l-NAT treatment, the total protein was extracted from the BRL cells and the rat liver tissue using protein extraction buffer (RIPA Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China). The cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS (pH 7.4) and RIPA buffer (Solarbio, Beijing, China). Proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE with a 10% running gel and then transferred to a PVDF membrane. The samples were incubated with the following antibodies: anti-NF-κB (1:500, Bioss, Beijing, bs-0465R); anti-TLR-4 (1:500, Bioss, Beijing, bs-1021R); anti-RIP2 (1:500, Santa Cruz); and anti-GAPDH (1:2000, Proteintech, 10494-1-AP), respectively. The details for the analysis have been described previously (Huang et al. 2015 (link)). Western blot images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). GAPDH was used as the internal reference protein.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Tissues were embedded using paraffin and cut into 4-μm-thick sections (n = 3 animals per group, 6 sections per animal). Sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated, then placed in a box filled with citric acid antigenic repair buffer (pH 6.0) in a microwave oven for antigen retrieval. Later, they were incubated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min at room temperature. After blocking with 5% BSA for 30 min, the tissue sections were incubated with primary antibody anti-Caspase1 (ABclonal, Wuhan, China; Catalog: A0964, diluted at 1:200), anti-Caspase3 (Servicebio, Wuhan, China; Catalog: GB11009-1, diluted at 1:200), anti-TLR4 (Bioss, Beijing, China; Catalogue: bs-20594R, diluted at 1:200), anti-MYD88 (Bioss, Beijing, China; Catalogue: bs-1047R, diluted at 1:200), anti-BAX (ABclonal, Wuhan, China; Catalog: A0207, diluted at 1:500), and anti-BCL-2 (ABclonal, Wuhan, China; Catalog: A0208, diluted at 1:500). The secondary antibody was incubated at room temperature. After PBS washing, the sections were monitored and captured under a microscope.
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3

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Inflammasome Pathway

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BRL cells were exposed to H2O2 with or without L-NAT, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100-PBS for 15 min. Blocking was done in 5% goat serum for 30 min at 37 °C to inactivate endogenous peroxidase. Subsequent, the cells were incubated with anti-ASC antibody (1:200; Bioss), anti-NLRP3 antibody (1:200; Bioss), anti-IL-1β antibody (1:200; Bioss), anti-Caspase-1 antibody (1:100; Santa), anti-TLR4 (1:500; Bioss), and anti-NF-κB (1:500; Bioss) at 4 °C overnight and then incubated with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:150) at 37 °C for 30 min. DAPI staining was performed and image were taken using confocal microscopy (Olympus FV500; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Liver tissue from the sham group, I/R group and I/R + L-NAT group were made frozen sections of 10 µm thickness. And then immunofluorescence staining was performed using the method described above.
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4

Quantitative Protein Analysis in Liver

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For protein extraction, each of 100 mg liver tissues were homogenized on ice in 1 ml RIPA lysis buffer with protease inhibitor mix PMSF. Lysates were obtained by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. The protein concentration was quantified by BCA method. Subsequently, protein samples were subjected to 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to a PVDF membrane, and then incubated with the following antibodies: anti-ASC antibody (1:200; Bioss), anti-NLRP3 antibody (1:200; Bioss), anti-TLR4 (1:500; Bioss) and anti-NF-κB (1:500; Bioss). Finally, the bands were observed using chemiluminescence (ECL) system according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Western blotting bands were analyzed using optical density scanning and Image Lab software (Bio-Rad). GAPDH (1:1000; Proteintech) was used as the loading control.
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5

Uric Acid Regulation via Inflammatory Pathways

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Uric acid, benzbromarone, allopurinol and PO were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Elisa kits for IL-1β and TNF-α were purchased from Xinbosheng (Shenzhen, China). Anti-GLUT9, anti-TLR4 and anti-NLPR3 antibodies were purchased from Bioss (Beijing, China). Anti-OAT1, anti-β-actin, anti-URAT1, anti-Anti-MyD88 and anti-IL-1β antibodies were purchased from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). Xanthine oxidase, urea nitrogen and adenosine deaminase kits were purchased from Jiancheng (Nanjing, China).
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