Spss for windows version 28

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the PAS, the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and position of swallowing reflex between thickened carbonated and thickened non-carbonated cola. The significance level was set at p < 0.05, and IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 28.0 (IBM Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was used for the statistical analysis. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. For each fiber type, a linear mixed model was used to compare mean differences between control and CKD, including a random effect to account for multiple measurements within mice. Linear regression was conducted to examine relationships between force and other variables, such as CSA, the number of bound myosin heads, and/or their stiffness. ANCOVA was used to determine differences between slopes and y‐intercepts for regression lines. If differences in slope and intercept where found, moderation analysis using the Johnson‐Newman technique was performed to determine where differences occurred. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 and analyses done using SPSS for Windows version 28.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY).

First, we present demographic data using descriptive statistics. Distribution of data was assessed using visual inspection of Q–Q plots, as well as a Shapiro–Wilk test. Second, we tested differences in average DNA methylation of the selected genes between infants with near-optimal MOS-R and atypical MOS-R using independent samples t-tests or Mann–Whitney-U tests as appropriate. For genes that were significantly different between the two groups, we also tested differences in individual CpG sites between infants with near-optimal MOS-R and atypical MOS-R using independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests as appropriate. When a statistically significant result was found, we then performed a univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, in which we adjusted for sex and mode of delivery. Analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, version 28.0 (IBM Corporation, NY, USA). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

All statistical analysis was carried out on an IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 28.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Continuous variables, if they were normally distributed, were reported as means and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile ranges (IQR) if they were not normally distributed. Categorical data were presented in absolute numbers (n) and in percentages (%). Comparisons were done with the Mann–Whitney U test for the median and IQR or a two-sample t-test for the mean and SD. The data were deemed significant when P  <  0.05. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier method.