Electrical stimulation was delivered through an isolated pulse stimulator (Model 2100, A-M SYSTEMS). Stimulation consisted of 400 µs bipolar pulses (negative phase = 200 µs, positive phase = 200 µs). The A-M SYSTEMS pulse stimulator generates square-wave biphasic current pulses. We used either 40 Hz or 140 Hz pulse frequency. The peak amplitude per pulse ranged from 10–60 µA (corresponding to 10–64 µC/cm2 charge density per stimulation phase34 (link)) with a mean peak current of 38.3 µA and standard deviation of 11.4 µA across 7 mice. Stimulation pulse waveforms were measured with an oscilloscope (TDS2022B, Tektronix). Electrical stimulation sequences were externally triggered by TTL pulses generated by MATLAB (Mathworks Inc.) through a NI DAQ board (USB-6259, National instruments). TTL pulses were recorded at 10 kHz sampling rate using the Open Ephys platform (http://open-ephys.org ).
Tds2022b
Manufactured by Tektronix
Sourced in China
The TDS2022B is a 2-channel digital storage oscilloscope manufactured by Tektronix. It has a bandwidth of 200 MHz and a sample rate of up to 2 GS/s. The oscilloscope features a 5.6-inch color display and provides basic measurement and triggering capabilities.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using tds2022b
1
Electrical Stimulation Waveform Characterization
2
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation for CKD
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
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The LIPUS device consists of an arbitrary waveform function generator (SDG1022X, Siglent, Shenzhen, China), an oscilloscope (TDS2022B, Tektronix, Shanghai, China) and ultrasound transducers (Φ = 3 cm). Among them, the ultrasound transducers were specially manufactured and tested by the Academy of Electronics and Engineering (the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China) for rat in vitro experiments. Before LIPUS stimulation, hair on the back of each rat was removed, the positions of bilateral kidneys were determined and marked by ultrasound imaging. Then, the ultrasound transducers were placed over the back marker with an ultrasonic gel pad (Mibo, Mp-A, Shenzhen, China) in between. Rats in the CKD + LIPUS group were stimulated by LIPUS for 20 min every 24 h, treatment duration was four weeks. During this period, isoflurane (R510-22-10, RWD, Shenzhen, China) was produced by the gas anaesthesia machine (MSSVAP01, MSS, Keighley, England) to keep rats under anaesthesia. According to previous studies [10 (link),11 (link)] and our preliminary experimental results, the parameters of LIPUS are set as follows: intensity of 60 mW/cm2 with a 50% duty cycle, and pulse frequency of 1.0 MHz with 1 kHz repetition rate. As for the Control group and the CKD group, which received the same treatments except LIPUS stimulation.
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