All the chemicals, reagents and the solvents used in the assay protocols were of analytical grade. Ascorbic acid, sodium phosphate, phosphate buffer saline, ammonium molybdate, sodium citrate, DPPH, DMSO, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium citrate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Other chemicals such as gallic acid, TRIS-HCl, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and metaphosphoric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. n-Hexane, EtOAc, MeOH, C2H5OH, H2SO4 of analytical grade and other chemicals were procured from Daejung Chemicals and Metals (Seoul, South Korea). Column chromatography was conducted by using silica gel (70–230 mesh) and LiChroprep RP-18 (40–63 μm; ODS silica gel) from Merck. Thin layer chromatography was achieved on glass backed precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates (Merck). Resolution of the spots in TLC plates was checked by dipping the plate in a solution of 5% vanillin-H2SO4 in C2H5OH. Standards were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Instrumentation details such as optical rotation, FT-IR, ESI/FT mass and NMR spectra were given in the literature (Chung et al., 2014b (link)).
C2h5oh
Manufactured by Daejung Chemicals
Sourced in Cameroon
C2H5OH is a chemical compound used as a solvent in various laboratory applications. It is the molecular formula for ethanol, a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. This chemical is commonly utilized in analytical procedures, reactions, and cleaning processes within the laboratory setting.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
H2so4, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
Ammonium molybdate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Metaphosphoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate trihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tris hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tripyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium ferricyanide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffer saline (pbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium citrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using c2h5oh
1
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Assays
2
Synthesis of TiOx via Sol-Gel Method
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TiOx was synthesized using the sol–gel method, which is based on the hydrolysis of alkoxides in alcoholic solutions in the presence of an acid catalyst. Titanium isopropoxide (TTIP, Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4, Aldrich Chemical Co., 97%), ethanol (C2H5OH, Daejung 99.9%), and nitric acid (HNO3, Merck, 70%) were used as the starting materials, and distilled (DI) water was used for hydrolysis. The molar ratio of the starting solution was 1 of TTIP, 1 of DI water, 25 of ethanol, and 0.2 of nitric acid47 (link). The solution of nitric acid, DI water, and half ethanol was added dropwise to the solution of TTIP and ethanol at 0 °C under continuous vigorous stirring. The transparent solution finally resulted, and it was diluted using ethanol with a ratio of 1:1.
3
Liquid Crystal Biosensing Protocol
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All the chemicals used were of analytical grade and the aqueous solutions were prepared with deionized (DI) water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm). Anhydrous n-heptane, CH2Cl2, H2SO4 (95 %), H2O2 (30%), CH3OH, and C2H5OH were procured from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd. of South Korea. Nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4’-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. of Japan. Malathion, ethion, fenthion, fenobucarb, carbofuran, phosmet, CTAB, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and trichloro(octyl)silane (OTS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. The DNA aptamer with the sequence 5’-ATCC GTCA CACC TGCT CTTA TACA CAAT TGTT TTTC TCTT AACT TCTT GACT GCTG GTGT TGGC TCCC GTAT-3’ was synthesized by Mbiotech (Hanam, Korea).
Polarized optical images of 5CB were captured using a digital camera (DS-2Mv, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) affixed to a polarizing optical microscope (Eclipse LV100 POL, Nikon, Japan). All images were taken in transmission mode using a 4× objective lens. The gray-scale intensities (GIs) of the optical images were calculated using Adobe Photoshop CC2019 software (Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Tests were conducted in at least triplicate for each measurement.
Polarized optical images of 5CB were captured using a digital camera (DS-2Mv, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) affixed to a polarizing optical microscope (Eclipse LV100 POL, Nikon, Japan). All images were taken in transmission mode using a 4× objective lens. The gray-scale intensities (GIs) of the optical images were calculated using Adobe Photoshop CC2019 software (Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Tests were conducted in at least triplicate for each measurement.
4
Synthesizing ZIF-8 Nanoparticles for Electrode
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100 mg of synthesized ZIF-8 was dispersed in 500 μL of ethanol (C2H5OH, Daejung, Siheung, Korea, 95%) using an ultrasonic sonicator for 10 min. The prepared copper electrode was placed on a hotplate at 70 °C, and the dispersed solution was dropped onto the electrode area using a pipette. After approximately 10 min of evaporating the ethanol on the hotplate, the material was dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C for over 12 h to completely remove moisture. Extension wires were created using copper tape and conductive paste (silver paste, Elcoat, CANS, Tokyo, Japan) to connect the electrode.
5
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Silver
nitrate (99.0%,
AgNO3, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium borohydride (99%, NaBH4, Sigma-Aldrich), ethyl alcohol (94.5%, C2H5OH, Daejung), chromium nitrate nonahydrate (99%, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, Sigma-Aldrich), terephthalic
acid (98%, C8H6O4, Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8%, C3H7NO, Daejung), methyl alcohol (99.5%, CH3OH,
Daejung), and acetone (C3H6O, 99.8%, Daejung)
were purchased and used without further purification. Deionized water
(18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) purified using a Merck Millipore
Direct Q3 UV Water Purification System was used for all washing and
aqueous solution preparation. All glassware was treated with aqua
regia (a mixture of HCl and HNO3 with a volume ratio of
3:1), repeatedly washed with deionized water, and dried immediately
before use.
nitrate (99.0%,
AgNO3, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium borohydride (99%, NaBH4, Sigma-Aldrich), ethyl alcohol (94.5%, C2H5OH, Daejung), chromium nitrate nonahydrate (99%, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, Sigma-Aldrich), terephthalic
acid (98%, C8H6O4, Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8%, C3H7NO, Daejung), methyl alcohol (99.5%, CH3OH,
Daejung), and acetone (C3H6O, 99.8%, Daejung)
were purchased and used without further purification. Deionized water
(18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) purified using a Merck Millipore
Direct Q3 UV Water Purification System was used for all washing and
aqueous solution preparation. All glassware was treated with aqua
regia (a mixture of HCl and HNO3 with a volume ratio of
3:1), repeatedly washed with deionized water, and dried immediately
before use.
6
Synthesis of Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles
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The BF nanoparticles were prepared by a sol–gel reaction. The reagents were 0.05 M Bi(NO3)3·5H2O (Daejung, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 99.5%), 0.05 M iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O; (Daejung, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 99.5%), and 4.3 M C2H5OH (Daejung, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 98%). The mixture of the reagents was stirred at 70 °C for 3 h to prepare a BF sol. The sol was dried at 150 °C for 1 day to prepare a powder, which was heated at 300 °C for 3 h and calcined at 600 °C for 4 h to get a BF powder. Commercial TiO2 (Evonik Degussa, Essen, Germany, P25) was applied as the control catalyst, Ni/TiO2 was prepared by doping Ni ions on TiO2 prepared using the sol–gel method [45 (link)].
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