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Nicolet 560

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States

The Nicolet 560 is a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer designed for analytical applications. It is capable of detecting and analyzing the molecular composition of samples by measuring their infrared absorption spectrum.

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5 protocols using nicolet 560

1

Biaxial Orientation Characterization of PE Films

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The biaxial orientation of the PE film was measured by the FTIR
spectrometer (Nicolet 560, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with the
resolution of 2 cm–1 and accumulation of 64 scans
in transmission mode.31 (link) The polarization
of the beam was performed using a zinc selenide wire grid polarizer.
The sample was placed perpendicular to the FTIR beam with MD in the
vertical direction and TD in the horizontal direction. Then, the measurements
were performed with the polarization beam in the positions of 0°
and 90°, respectively.24 (link)The
White–Spruiell biaxial orientation factors (fseg, MDB), which can quantify the orientation of interesting segments in
MD and TD, are defined according to where “seg”
is the a, b, or c axis of the orthorhombic crystal structure for PE. In addition,
the θ1 and θ2 are defined in terms
of the angles between the crystallographic axis and MD/TD of the biaxially
stretched film. The values of f are limited, with f = 1 for perfect orientation, f = 0 for
random orientation, and f = −1 for complete
perpendicular orientation. The details for this method can be found
elsewhere.32 (link),33 (link)
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2

Characterization of Ag-CuO Nanoparticles

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The crystallite size of the Ag-CuO NPs was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation, and the crystalline nature was investigated using the XRD model Philips X’Pert. The microstructure and surface topology were studied using SEM Model JEOL JSM-5600LV, Tokyo, Japan and Hitachi HT7800 transmittance electron microscope (TEM) Cleveland, TN, USA. To validate the sample’s composition, an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) examination was performed with a JEOL JSM-5600LV, Oxfordshire, UK paired with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The light absorption phenomena were studied using Shimadzu (UV-800) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Waltham, MA, USA) spectroscopic analysis (band gap was calculated through Tauc’s plot), while surface functional moieties were explored using FTIR model Nicolet 560, operated in the range of 4000–400 cm−1.
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3

Structural Characterization and CMC Determination of Emulsifiers

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The structures of EMA, HEMA-1, and HEMA-2 were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR, Nicolet 560, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H NMR, JNM-ECZ400S, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan), gel permeation chromatography (GPC, Agilent 1260, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and elemental analyzer (EA, Vario EL III, Elementar, Frankfurt, Germany). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of HEMA-1 and HEMA-3 in water was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer (RF-5301PC, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). In brief, the test tubes were filled with a certain amount of pyrene solution in acetone, and the acetone was evaporated mostly. Then, the tubes containing pyrene were introduced to the aqueous solutions of emulsifiers at various concentrations (0.01–100 g/L). Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to calculate the CMC of the emulsifier solution after these tubes were shaken for 4 h.
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4

Characterization of Porous Adsorbent Structure

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In order to reveal the porous structure of the obtained adsorbent, its surface morphology and groups were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM, QUANTA F250, FEI company field emission, Hillsboro, America), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, NICOLET 560, Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, America), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS, Horiba 7021-H), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Axis Supra, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Then, the porous structure including specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution were characterized by means of methods such as BET, BJH and HK based on static nitrogen adsorption and desorption (N2@ −196.15 °C) on static adsorption instrument (JW-BK122W, Beijing Jingwei Gaobo Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Subsequently, the adsorption performance of CO2 was characterized based on the adsorption isotherms at 0 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C based on the β-CD derivates prepared under different thermal activation conditions. Prior to the adsorption measurements, the β-CD derivates were preliminarily outgassed in vacuum for 8 h at 200 °C.
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5

Membrane Surface Characterization by SEM and FTIR

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The micromorphology of the membrane surface was observed and photographed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan), and the main metal and non-metal elements on the fouled layer of the membrane surface were qualitatively evaluated using the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) on SEM. To retain the spatial morphology of the membrane to the maximum extent possible, the membranes were dried to a freezing state. Before observing the membrane sample, a conductive layer of gold, of approximately 2 nm thickness, was plated on the membrane surface by sputtering (Gatan, USA).1 (link)The functional groups on PTFE membranes were observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet 560, Thermo Electron Corp., USA), and the measured wavenumber range was 4000–650 cm−1.34 (link)
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