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5 protocols using foxm1

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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The treated cells were collected and lysed with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The protein concentration was determined using BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS‐PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, MA, USA). After blocking, the membranes were immunoblotted with primary antibodies that were specific for ASPM, CyclinD1 and CyclinE (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); FoxM1 (GeneTex, CA, USA); P53, P21 and N‐cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA); GAPDH (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); and E‐cadherin, Vimentin, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, RB and CDK2 (Wanlei Biotech, Shenyang, China). After washing with TBST, the membranes were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies. The membranes were then exposed to enhanced Chemiluminescence‐Plus reagents (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). ChemiDoc™ XRS + chemiluminescence imaging system was used to capture the images. GAPDH protein was used as the internal reference to calculate the relative expression level of the protein by Image Lab 3.0 software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Key Signaling Proteins

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Cell lysates was separated on a 6% SDS page gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked for one hour in 5% skim milk dissolved in TBS-T and probed with the following antibodies (1:1000): FoxM1 (rabbit, GeneTex), AR: 441 (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), β-catenin (rabbit 9562, Cell Signaling Technology), p84(mouse, GeneTex) and actin (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Horse radish peroxidase linked secondary antibodies were used along with ECL reagents for visualization. Western blots were quantified using Quantity One analysis software (BioRad).
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3

Proteomic Analysis of Cell Lysates

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For total lysate preparation, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 1% Nonidet P-40 (NP-40); pH 7.4) supplemented with proteinase inhibitors (complete proteinase inhibitors, Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Protein lysates (30 μg per lane) were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and processed for immunoblotting with antibodies against cleaved PARP (Enogene, Atlanta, GA, USA, E11-0365L), CD44 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA, CTX102111), ALDH1 (GeneTex, GTX123973), Nanog (GeneTex, GTX100863), Oct4 (GeneTex, GTX101497), Bmi1 (GeneTex, GTX114008), Snail (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Ab78105), Twist (GeneTex, GTX127310), FoxM1 (GeneTex, GTX100276), and Tubulin (Enogene, E1C601), respectively. Signals were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence system (ECL, NEN Life Science, Boston, MA, USA).
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4

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis

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Primary antibodies used were as follows: SETD3 (ab176582; Abcam), FoxM1 (GTX102170; GeneTex, HPA029974; Sigma), FLAG (F1804; Sigma), HA (05-904; Millipore), Actin (ab3280; Abcam), H3 (ab10799; Abcam), and pan-methyl (ab23366; Abcam). Secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies (goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit) were from Jackson ImmunoResearch (115-035-062 and 111-035-144, respectively). Coomassie stain was purchased from Expendon (ISB1L).
Cells were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS (v/v), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and Sigma protease inhibitor cocktail (P8340, diluted 1:100)). Lysates were incubated for 1 h at 4 °C with 10 μl protein A/G beads (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) as a pre-clear step. Pre-cleared lysates were incubated overnight at 4 °C with FoxM1 antibody (1 μg) or pan-methyl antibody (4 μg) conjugated to beads or beads only as a control. For over-expression experiments, cells were lysed as described above and incubated with FLAG-M2-affinity gel beads (A2220; Sigma). After incubation, beads were washed 4 times with lysis buffer, heated at 95 °C for 5 min in Laemmli sample buffer, and resolved by SDS-PAGE.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Glioma Markers

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Paraffin‐embedded glioma tissue sections were dewaxed with xylene and then hydrated with gradient ethanol. After antigen repair and blocking, the tissue sections were incubated with ASPM (Santa Cruz, CA, USA)‐ and FoxM1 (GeneTex, CA, USA)‐specific primary antibodies in a wet box at 4°C overnight. Negative control sections were in parallel incubated with non‐specific IgG (Sigma, MO, USA). Then, tissue sections were incubated with a secondary antibody for 2 hours at room temperature. After staining with DAB and haematoxylin, tissue sections were observed and photographed under a microscope.
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